Such an act is known in this theory as a “face threatening act” – it threatens one or more of our face needs. Goffman identified three types of face. These are
fellowship face, competence face, and autonomy face
. Fellowship face is the need to have others like and accept you.
What are positive face needs?
Positive face needs are
a person’s need to be liked and accepted
and are more commonly (although not exclusively), associated with informal language.
What are face needs?
One’s face need is
the sense of social value that is experienced during social interactions
. ... Positive face refers to the need to feel accepted and liked by others while negative face describes the will to do what one wants to do with freedom and independence.
What are face concerns?
Face concern is
a culturally salient construct on social represen- tation
that may be particularly important in the understanding of distress among Asians. ... It is one’s social image and social worth that is garnered based on one’s performance in an interpersonal contexts (Choi & Lee, 2002; Hwang, 1997–1998).
What is face in communication?
Ting-Toomey defines face as.
the interaction between the degree of threats or considerations one party offers to another party
, and the degree of claim for a sense of self-respect (or demand for respect toward one’s national image or cultural group) put forth by the other party in a given situation. ( 1990)
What is the competence face?
“Competence face” describes
a desire to appear intelligent, accomplished, and capable
. Oetzel et al. (2000) defined “facework” as “the communicative strategies one uses to enact self-face and to uphold, support, or challenge another person’s face”.
What is the purpose of face negotiation theory?
Face-Negotiation Theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985,
to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements
. The theory posited “face”, or self-image when communicating with others, as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures.
What is the difference between positive face and negative face?
Negative Face- is
the need to be independent
, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. Positive Face- the need for self-image to be accepted, appreciated and approved of by others. To be treated as a member of the same group and to know that his wants are shared by others.
What is a face threatening act?
A face threatening act is
an act that inherently damages the face of the addressee or the speaker by acting in opposition to the wants and desires of the other
.
What is an example of negative face?
One’s negative face is a neglection of all factors which represent a threat towards individual rights. ... One popular example is
the freedom of speech
, which includes one’s need not to be interrupted by others while speaking.
What are the four faces of face negotiation theory?
Specifically, the theoretical formulation of the four faces of face first introduced by
Ting-Toomey – face-restoration (self autonomy), face-saving (other autonomy), face-giving (other inclusion) and face-assertion (self inclusion)
are used to discuss how they affect mediators.
Which two Facework strategies reflect a concern with mutual face?
Which two facework strategies reflect a concern with mutual-face?
Problem solving and respect
.
Who devised face theory?
Perhaps the most influential researcher who defined the concept of face was
Erving Goffman
. Face, according to Goffman (1956), is ”the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact” (p. 268).
What is an example of saving face?
The definition of face saving is something done to try to lessen embarrassment or to make one’s self look better in a situation where a person is embarrassed or made to look bad. An example of face saving is saying
“Oh I was going to break up with her anyway” after your girlfriend dumps you
.
Why face to face communication is best?
Face-to-face communication is the distinction of
being able to see the other party or parties in a conversation
. It allows for a better exchange of information since both speaker and listener are able to see and interpret body language and facial expressions.
What does trying to save face mean?
Avoid humiliation or embarrassment,
preserve dignity
, as in Rather than fire him outright, they let him save face by accepting his resignation. The phrase, which uses face in the sense of “outward appearances,” is modeled on the antonym lose face. [
