Kohlberg identified three distinct levels of moral reasoning:
preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
.
Why are Kohlberg’s Stages 3 and 4 morally mature constructions?
Stage 3:
Good Interpersonal Relationships
. Morality arises from living up to the standards of a given group, such as one’s family or community, and being a good group member. Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order. The individual becomes more aware of the rules of society on a broader scale.
What are the three stages of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development quizlet?
The
first level is Pre-conventional, the second level is Conventional
, the third level is Post-Conventional.
What are 3 components of morality?
Developmental psychologists have divided the subject of morality into three main topics:
affective element, cognitive element, and behavioral element
. The affective element consists of the emotional response to actions that may be considered right or wrong.
What is Preconventional morality?
In human behaviour: A moral sense. …the early level, that of preconventional moral reasoning,
the child uses external and physical events
(such as pleasure or pain) as the source for decisions about moral rightness or wrongness; his standards are based strictly on what will avoid punishment or bring pleasure.
What is the final level of Kohlberg’s model of moral development quizlet?
Level 3.
Stage 6 (Universal Principles)
: Kohlberg’s final level of moral reasoning is based on universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.
What is an example of Postconventional morality?
For example,
a person who justified a decision on the basis of principled reasoning in one situation
(postconventional morality stage 5 or 6) would frequently fall back on conventional reasoning (stage 3 or 4) with another story.
What are the six stages of Kohlberg’s moral development?
- The full story. …
- Stage 1: Obedience and punishment. …
- Stage 2: Self-interest. …
- Stage 3: Interpersonal accord and conformity. …
- Stage 4: Authority and maintaining social order. …
- Stage 5: Social contract. …
- Stage 6: Universal ethical principles. …
- Pre-conventional level.
What is an example of Preconventional morality?
Preconventional morality –
young children under the age of 9
The first stage highlights the self-interest of children in their decision making as they seek to avoid punishment at all costs. In relation to our example above, the man should not steal the medication from the pharmacy as he may go to jail if he is caught.
At what age do humans develop morals?
Children’s experiences at home, the environment around them, and their physical, cognitive, emotional, and social skills influence their developing sense of right vs. wrong.
Between the ages of 2 and 5
, many children start to show morally-based behaviors and beliefs.
How do emotions affect morality?
Most people do not realize how much their emotions direct their moral choices. But experts think it is
impossible
to make any important moral judgments without emotions. Inner-directed negative emotions like guilt, embarrassment, and shame often motivate people to act ethically.
What are the components of morality?
There are four components of moral behavior:
moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral character
.
What are the two phases of Preconventional morality?
Lesson Summary
There are two phases of preconventional morality.
The first phase is obedience and punishment. The second phase is self-interest
. In phase one, individual consequences form the basis for the morality of a decision.
How should we define morality?
Morality refers
to the set of standards that enable people to live cooperatively in groups
. It’s what societies determine to be “right” and “acceptable.” Sometimes, acting in a moral manner means individuals must sacrifice their own short-term interests to benefit society.
What are the 7 steps of moral reasoning model?
- State the problem. …
- Check the facts. …
- Identify relevant factors (internal and external).
- Develop a list of options. …
- Test the options. …
- Make a choice based on steps 1-5.
- Review steps 1-6.
What is the highest level of Kohlberg’s moral development?
Stage 6
: Universal ethical principle orientation
According to Kohlberg, this is the highest stage of functioning.
