ID replaces the DSM-IV term “mental retardation” (MR)[2]. In this prior multiaxial system, the diagnosis of mental retardation was placed on
Axis II
. IQ cutoffs for mental retardation in DSM-IV were: mild (IQ 50-55 to ~70), moderate (IQ 35-40 to 50-55), severe (IQ 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ
Is intellectual disability an Axis 1 diagnosis?
With DSM-5,
all mental disorders will be considered on a single axis
and given equal weight. Intellectual disability involves impairments of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in three domains, or areas.
What axis is intellectual disability?
–
Axis II
is where the psychiatrist will place any personality disorders diagnosis and if an individual has an Intellectual Disability. – The Axis II diagnosis should include the severity of an individual's Intellectual Disability.
What are Axis 1 and 2 disorders?
Axis I consisted of mental health and substance use disorders
(SUDs); Axis II was reserved for personality disorders and mental retardation; Axis III was used for coding general medical conditions; Axis IV was to note psychosocial and environmental problems (e.g., housing, employment); and Axis V was an assessment of …
What are Axis 1 disorders?
Axis I disorders tend to be the most commonly found in the public. They include
anxiety disorders
, such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
What are examples of intellectual disabilities?
Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability – like
Down syndrome
, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, genetic conditions, birth defects, and infections – happen before birth.
How do you test for intellectual disability?
The diagnosis of an intellectual disability is typically made through a
test of intelligence or cognition
, often assessed by the range of scores on an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test.
What is borderline mental retardation?
Borderline intellectual functioning, also called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8), is
a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability
(generally an IQ of 70–85), but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70).
What is mild mental retardation?
An individual is diagnosed with mild mental retardation if they have
an IQ score of 50-69,
6
and the majority of cases fall within this category. Individuals with mild mental retardation typically develop social and communication skills adequate for self support, but may need assistance during times of unusual stress.
What is required for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?
The DSM-5 diagnosis of ID requires the satisfaction of three criteria: 1. Deficits in intellectual functioning—“
reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience
”—confirmed by clinical evaluation and individualized standard IQ testing (APA, 2013, p.
What is the most difficult personality disorder to treat?
Why
Borderline Personality Disorder
is Considered the Most “Difficult” to Treat. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined by the National Institute of Health (NIH) as a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of ongoing instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning.
What is Cluster B personality?
Cluster B personality disorders are characterized
by dramatic, overly emotional or unpredictable thinking or behavior
. They include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder.
What is Axis II diagnosis?
Axis II was reserved for long-standing conditions of clinical significance, like
personality disorders and mental retardation
. These disorders typically last for years, are present before adulthood, and have a significant impact on functioning.
Is ADHD Axis 1 or 2?
In the DSM-IV multidimensional diagnostic system, ADHD is classified as
an axis I disorder
, but the description of this long-lasting trait is conceptually close to the axis II personality disorders used in adult psychiatry.
What is cluster A?
Cluster A is called the
odd, eccentric cluster
. It includes Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders. The common features of the personality disorders in this cluster are social awkwardness and social withdrawal.
Is OCD an Axis 1 disorder?
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (abbreviated OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (abbreviated OCPD) are related but not identical diagnoses.
OCD is considered an “Axis I” diagnosis
while OCPD is an “Axis II” diagnosis.
