The three most common chlorine-containing substances used in water treatment are chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, and calcium hypochlorite . The choice of the chlorine type to be used often depends on cost, on the available storage options and on the pH conditions required.
What form of chlorine is used in water treatment?
The three most common types of chlorine used in water treatment are: chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, and calcium hypochlorite .
How does chlorine work in water treatment?
Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking the chemical bonds in their molecules . Disinfectants that are used for this purpose consist of chlorine compounds which can exchange atoms with other compounds, such as enzymes in bacteria and other cells.
Which solution is used for water treatment?
Hypochlorite solutions (HSs) , also called liquid chlorine, are widely used as disinfectants during drinking water treatment and distribution. However, the decomposition of the hypochlorite ion results in the formation of undesirable inorganic contaminants such as chlorite, chlorate, bromate and perchlorate.
What are 3 uses for chlorine?
Chlorine is commonly used as an antiseptic and is used to make drinking water safe and to treat swimming pools. Large amounts of chlorine are used in many industrial processes, such as in the production of paper products, plastics, dyes, textiles, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides, solvents and paints.
What is the basis of chlorine water test?
The presence of free chlorine (also known as chlorine residual, free chlorine residual, residual chlorine) in drinking water indicates that: 1) a sufficient amount of chlorine was added initially to the water to inactivate the bacteria and some viruses that cause diarrheal disease; and, 2) the water is protected from ...
What happens when chlorine is added to water?
Chlorine will react in water to form hypochlorous acid, which can then dissociate into hydrogen and hypochlorite ions , according to Eqn (1). This reaction is very important, as the disinfecting power of HOCl, hypochlorous acid, is about 40–80 times that of OCl − , hypochlorite.
How long does chlorine last in water?
Depending on its levels of content, the evaporation time for chlorine from tap water can be estimated: 2 ppm of Chlorine will take up to 4 and a half days or around 110 hours to evaporate from 10 gallons of standing water.
Which chemical is used for cleaning water?
Chlorine is a highly effective method of disinfection. However, while in the pipes it produces small amounts of chemicals (called “disinfection by-products”) if the source water has higher levels of dirt or germs that may react with chlorine. Chlorine is also used up quickly in water systems.
Which polyelectrolyte is used in water treatment?
Polyelectrolyte ETP Chemicals. Aquafloc 401 : is a liquid cationic coagulant based on polyamines used in water clarification. They may be used independently or supplemented with inorganic coagulants or with coagulants aids based on polyacrylamide.
What are the two chemicals used to disinfect water?
The two chemicals used in the disinfection of water are chlorine and ozone .
What are the 5 uses of chlorine?
- Water. Chlorine chemistry helps keep drinking water and swimming pools safe. ...
- Household Disinfectant. ...
- Food. ...
- Healthcare. ...
- Energy and Environment. ...
- Advanced Technology. ...
- Building and Construction. ...
- Defense and Law Enforcement.
What are 2 uses of chlorine?
Chlorine has a variety of uses. It is used to disinfect water and is part of the sanitation process for sewage and industrial waste. During the production of paper and cloth, chlorine is used as a bleaching agent. It is also used in cleaning products, including household bleach which is chlorine dissolved in water.
Is chlorine safe to drink?
Is chlorinated water safe to drink? Yes . The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits the amount of chlorine in drinking water to levels that are safe for human consumption. The levels of chlorine used for drinking water disinfection are unlikely to cause long-term health effects.
How do you know if chlorine is in water?
The quickest and simplest method for testing for chlorine residual is the dpd (diethyl paraphenylene diamine) indicator test , using a comparator. A tablet of dpd is added to a sample of water, colouring it red.
