Study of Çatalhöyük human biology reveals increasing costs to members of the settlement, including elevated exposure to disease and labor demands in response to community dependence on and production of domesticated plant carbohydrates , growing population size and density fueled by elevated fertility, and increasing ...
What are two influences that geography had on the achievements of the developing civilization of Çatalhöyük?
The geography and surrounding environment supported the development of agriculture at Catalhoyuk. The flat and grassy plains were ideal for herding livestock. The fertile soil of the plain and nearby river also aided in the farming of various crops.
What population will Çatalhöyük grow?
In upper levels of the site, it becomes apparent that the people of Çatalhöyük were gaining skills in agriculture and the domestication of animals . ... Sheep were domesticated and evidence suggests the beginning of cattle domestication as well. However, hunting continued to be a major source of food for the community.
What is Çatalhöyük known for?
Çatalhöyük or Çatal Höyük (pronounced “cha-tal hay OOK”) is not the oldest site of the Neolithic era or the largest, but it is extremely important to the beginning of art . ... It is also a site at which we see art, both painting and sculpture, appear to play a newly important role in the lives of settled people.
What did they grow in Çatalhöyük?
Wheat, Barley and Peas
The farmers of Catal Huyuk grew a small but diverse number of crops. Wheat and barley made up the majority of the cereals that they grew, ate and traded. They also cultivated peas, berries and nuts.
Why was Çatalhöyük abandoned?
Researchers believe the very process of digging for clay changed the river’s drainage and eventually its course, which may have contributed to the abandonment of what they call the East Mound for the nearby West Mound around 6000 B.C. It’s evidence that suggests humans at Çatalhöyük — and possibly elsewhere — were ...
When was Çatalhöyük abandoned?
It grew to its peak in the Middle period of 6700 to 6500 B.C., before the population declined rapidly in the Late period. Çatalhöyük was abandoned about 5950 BC . Farming was always a major part of life in the community.
Why is Çatalhöyük so important?
Çatalhöyük provides important evidence of the transition from settled villages to urban agglomeration , which was maintained in the same location for over 2,000 years. It features a unique streetless settlement of houses clustered back to back with roof access into the buildings.
How did people communicate in Çatalhöyük?
The regular communication of the excavation work through messages, images and videos on social media allows anybody interested to follow the on-going activities.
What was the signature item found at Çatalhöyük?
It is thought that the people of Çatalhöyük wanted to stay close to their dead ancestors. When Mellart first excavated Çatalhöyük, he found a figurine , which he interpreted to be of a “mother goddess.” He thought Çatalhöyük was a matriarchal society.
Which age is Çatalhöyük?
Founded over 9,000 years ago on the bank of a river that has since dried up, Çatalhöyük is believed to have been home to an egalitarian Stone Age society who built distinctive homes, arranged back-to-back without doors or windows.
What is the seated woman of Çatalhöyük thought to symbolize?
It is generally thought to depict a corpulent and fertile Mother goddess in the process of giving birth while seated on her throne , which has two hand rests in the form of feline (lioness, leopard, or panther) heads in a Mistress of Animals motif.
What is so special about Catal huyuk?
Catal Huyuk, in Anatolia, is the best example of an early neolithic town where the transition to a fully settled existence has been satisfactorily achieved . Food is produced by agriculture, with the cultivation of wheat and barley, and by the breeding of cattle. ... A surplus of food enables specialist crafts to develop.
What language did catalhoyuk speak?
Çatalhöyük language
The only basis for this is the fact that Hattic is just the earliest known language of Anatolia. There could easily have been other languages, which we’ll never know, which died out unrecorded during the 3,000 years in between the end of population at Çatalhöyük and the attestation of Hattic.
What happened to the people of catalhoyuk?
Çatalhöyük arose in 7500 BC, and was home to upwards of 10,000 people. Many of these citizens lived in underground homes that they accessed through the roof . In turn, these roofs acted as the city’s streets. When someone died in Çatalhöyük, they were often buried inside the family’s home, usually under the floor.
How was catalhoyuk found?
Çatalhöyük was stumbled upon by a team of British archaeologists: David French, Alan Hall and James Mellaart. ... Mellaart’s first excavation in 1961 totaled 39 days and his team discovered 40 houses as well as figurines, pottery and wall art . From then until 1965, the team returned each summer to continue with their work.
