Certain ethnic groups in Asian countries practice FGM, including in communities in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka . In the Middle East, the practice occurs in Oman, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, as well as in Iraq, Iran and the State of Palestine.
Is female circumcision legal in Europe?
By 2013, FGM had been criminalised in all 27 member states of the European Union (including the United Kingdom) and Croatia. Despite international reports to the contrary, female genital mutilation has been explicitly criminalised in the Netherlands since 1 February 2006 , namely in the then Articles 5.3 and 5a.
Which country has the highest rate of FGM?
A number of Switzerland’s priority countries and regions in East Africa are affected by this problem. “ Somalia , for example, has the highest rate of FGM in the world, with around 98 per cent of women having undergone the procedure,” explains Martine Pochon, regional protection adviser for the Greater Horn of Africa.
In what countries does FGM occur?
- Egypt.
- Eritrea.
- Ethiopia.
- Gambia.
- Guinea.
- Indonesia.
- Ivory Coast.
- Kenya.
What countries is FGM illegal in?
Significantly, of the 55 million girls (aged 0–14) who have experienced or are at risk of FGM across the 28 countries: ▪ 50% of them are in 3 countries that have anti-FGM laws (Egypt, Ethiopia and Nigeria); and ▪ 30% of them are in the 6 countries without current anti-FGM laws ( Chad, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, ...
At what age is FGM done?
FGM is most often carried out on young girls aged between infancy and 15 years old .
Why do they do breast ironing?
Breast ironing is often performed by mothers or female relatives of victims misguidedly wishing to protect their young relatives from rape , unwanted sexual advances, early sex, and pregnancies, all of which they fear would result from the appearance that a girl has reached the age of puberty.
How do you know when a woman is circumcised?
She may also know of a female relative being cut previously . A girl who has had FGM may have difficulty walking, standing or sitting and could spend longer in the bathroom or toilet. They could also appear withdrawn, anxious or depressed and exhibit unusual behaviour after an absence from school or college.
What are the reason of female circumcision?
FGM is often motivated by beliefs about what is considered acceptable sexual behaviour . It aims to ensure premarital virginity and marital fidelity. FGM is in many communities believed to reduce a woman’s libido and therefore believed to help her resist extramarital sexual acts.
What countries have banned circumcision?
Iceland . In February 2018, the Progressive Party proposed a bill that would change the words “girl child” to “child” and “her sexual organs” to “[their] sexual organs”, thereby making Iceland the first European country to ban male circumcision for non-medical reasons.
Is female circumcision legal in the US?
It is against U.S. law to perform FGM/C on a girl under the age of 18, or to send or attempt to send her outside the United States so FGM/C can be performed. Violation of the law is punishable by up to 5 years in prison, fines, or both. There is no exception for performing FGM/C because of tradition or culture.
Why is FGM a crime?
FGM is a criminal offence. It is a form of violence against women and girls , and in the latter case it is child abuse.
What are the four types of FGM?
- Type I – Clitoridectomy. Partial or total removal of the clitoris (a small, sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals) and/or the prepuce (the clitoral hood or fold of skin surrounding the clitoris).
- Type II – Excision. ...
- Type III – Infibulation. ...
- Type IV – Other.
What is female circumcision in Ethiopia?
PIP: The practices of female circumcision and infibulation in Ethiopia are discussed. Circumcision consists of excision of the clitoris, in some cases including the labia minorae . The operation is performed by a skilled woman anywhere from shortly after birth to the time of marriage, depending on the tribe.
Is mutilation a crime?
Maiming has often been a criminal offense ; the old law term for a special case of maiming of persons was mayhem, an Anglo-French variant form of the word. Maiming of animals by others than their owners is a particular form of the offense generally grouped as malicious damage.
What age does a woman’s breast stop growing?
In general, breast development begins between the ages of 8 and 13. A girl’s breasts are typically fully developed by age 17 or 18 , however in some cases they can continue to grow into her early twenties.
