What Deficiency Is Mental Retardation?

Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly.

What are the different causes of mental retardation?

• trauma before birth, such as an infection or exposure to alcohol, drugs, or other toxins.
• trauma during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or premature delivery.
• inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay-Sachs disease.
• chromosome abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

What type of disorder is mental retardation?

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability and formerly mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

What is mental retardation example?

Causes of mental retardation include fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effect ; brain damage caused by the use of prescription or illegal drugs during pregnancy; brain injury and disease; and genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.

What are the treatment of mental retardation?

The treatment of mental retardation is predominantly nonmedical . It involves education to achieve maximal learning potential, habilitation, vocational training, and normalization of social and recreational activities. Most children and adults do not have medically identifiable causes for their mental retardation.

What are three major causes of mental retardation?

• Genetic conditions. These include things like Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.
• Problems during pregnancy. ...
• Problems during childbirth. ...
• Illness or injury. ...
• None of the above.

How can we prevent mental retardation?

Prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening, dietary supplementation or restriction, hormone replacement, vaccination , and immunotherapy are just some of the techniques that have been applied to prevent mental retardation.

What is mental retardation and its types?

Mental retardation comprises five general categories: borderline, mild, moderate, severe and profound . Categories are based on scores obtained through use of age-standardized tests of cognitive ability (Table 1).

How do you identify an intellectual disability?

1. sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children.
2. learn to talk later, or have trouble speaking.
3. find it hard to remember things.
4. have trouble understanding social rules.
5. have trouble seeing the results of their actions.
6. have trouble solving problems.

What is mental retardation introduction?

The World Health Organization (WHO), in its ICD-10, defines mental retardation as a “condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind , which is especially characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e., cognitive, ...

What is mental retardation in education?

“Mental retardation means significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adap- tive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a child's educational performance . “

What are two treatments for intellectual disability?

• Occupational therapy.
• Speech therapy.
• Physical therapy.
• Outdated, Unproven ‘Treatments' for Intellectual Disabilities.
• Orthomolecular therapy: We all know diet and nutrition are important for good health.

What are the 4 levels of mental retardation?

The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70) , moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25).

Is mental retardation genetic?

Mental retardation is caused by a number of different factors. Among genetic disorders, Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome are the commonest causes of mental retardation. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of mental retardation.

How do you deal with intellectual disability?

1. Do not call them kids. ...
2. Use clear, simplified language and try speaking slower, not louder. ...
3. Set expectations. ...
4. Treat them as you would your peers. ...
5. Draw boundaries. ...
6. Ask them their thoughts and allow them to answer.

What are the main causes of intellectual disability?

• Infections (present at birth or occurring after birth)
• Chromosomal abnormalities (such as Down syndrome)
• Environmental.
• Metabolic (such as hyperbilirubinemia, or very high bilirubin levels in babies)
• Nutritional (such as malnutrition)
• Toxic (intrauterine exposure to alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, and other drugs)