Decision making in criminal justice involves more than the learning of rules and the application of them to specific cases. Decisions are based on discretion, that is,
the individual exercise of judgment to make choices about alternative
courses of action.
What is the process of criminal justice system?
The criminal justice system, essentially, is the
system or process in the community by which crimes are investigated
, and the persons suspected thereof are taken into custody, prosecuted in court and punished, if found guilty, provisions being made for their correction and rehabilitation.
How are criminal justice decisions selected?
Criminal justice decision makers are selected
through election or appointment
. In some states, voters elect judges, while in other states, governors appoint them. … As for federal judges, the president appoints them and the Senate confirms them. The political process profoundly influences the U.S. Supreme Court.
What are the 5 stages of the criminal justice process?
- Arrest.
- Preliminary hearing.
- Grand jury investigation.
- Arraignment in Criminal Court.
- Trial by jury.
What components make up the criminal justice system?
THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF
THE POLICE, THE COURTS, AND CORRECTIONS
.
Who decides the charges in a criminal case?
The prosecutor
decides whether to charge the crime as a felony or a misdemeanor. The prosecutor can file charges on all of the crimes for which the police arrested the defendant or can decide to file fewer charges or more charges than were included in the arrest report. 3.
At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea?
Arraignment
by a judge. Before the trial, the defendant appears in court and enters a plea. The most common pleas are guilty and not guilty.
What factors influence criminal justice policy?
We looked at a variety of factors that could influence these different policy areas, including the
size of the Black population
, the percent of residents who graduated from high school, the percent of eligible voters who vote, the poverty rate, welfare generosity, median income, and the violent and property crime rates …
Which stage of the criminal justice process is an adversarial?
A preliminary hearing, or preliminary examination
, is an adversarial proceeding in which counsel questions witnesses and both parties makes arguments. The judge then makes the ultimate finding of probable cause. The grand jury, on the other hand, hears only from the prosecutor.
What are the 13 steps in the criminal justice decision making process?
- investigation. …
- Arrest. …
- Booking. …
- Charging. …
- Initial appearance. …
- preliminary hearing/ grand jury. …
- Indictment/ information. …
- Arraignment.
What are the major components of the criminal justice system and do the components collaborate and cooperate to function as a system?
Three major components of the criminal justice system
— law enforcement, courts (including prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and juries)
, and corrections — allow each division to function independently or in collaboration.
What are the stages of case processing that characterize the American system of criminal justice?
Steps in the criminal justice process include
the investigation and arrest, pretrial activities, adjudication, sentencing, and corrections
. The investigation provides police with the opportunity to collect evidence and attempt to reconstruct the crime as it occurred.
Which accurately details the steps of the typical criminal court process?
- Step 1: Arrest. An arrest is the initial stage in the criminal process in which an individual accused of a crime is taken into custody. …
- Step 2: Charges. …
- Step 3: Arraignment. …
- Step 4: Pretrial Proceedings. …
- Step 5: Trial. …
- Step 6: Verdict. …
- Step 7: Sentencing. …
- Step 8: Appeal.
What are the three entities that comprise the criminal justice system?
Law Enforcement, Courts and Corrections
in the US Justice System. The United States criminal justice system is broken down into three different parts, each with a different focus of the law and dealing with criminals in a different stage of their criminal activity.
What is a group that determines whether to accuse someone of a crime?
Jury
: a group of citizens who decide whether the accused is guilty or not. They are selected by law and sworn to determine certain facts by listening to testimony in order to reach a decision as to guilt or innocence.
What are the two phases of the criminal justice process?
There are two phases that one must endure before arrest they are
the initial contact where a police officer observes, hears, or responds to criminal activity
. The other is the investigation process where it is the burden of the police to find sufficient evidence to support a legal arrest.
What is the conviction process?
In law, a conviction is
the verdict that usually results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime
. … After a defendant is convicted, the court determines the appropriate sentence as a punishment. Furthermore, the conviction may lead to results beyond the terms of the sentence itself.
What are the major influences of perceptions for criminal justice majors?
Previous research has found a number of factors related to choice of college major:
parental influences, economic potential, employment opportunities and perceptions of job security
.
How are criminal justice policies developed?
Public policies and laws are created
at different levels of government
, with micro-level policies enacted on the local level and macro level applied at the federal or state level. … At the federal level, policies are created that apply to the federal criminal justice system and can apply to states as well.
What changes should be made to the criminal justice system?
- Reducing harsh prison sentences.
- Changing the drug sentencing policy surrounding the war on drugs.
- Decriminalizing certain laws, including drug policies.
- Prioritizing rehabilitation of offenders, especially juvenile offenders.
Who initiate the process of criminal justice?
The investigatory process. Investigation of crime usually involves three elements. First, public officials,
usually the police
, must learn that an offense may have been, or is to be, committed. Second, law enforcement agents must identify the likely offender or offenders.
Who decides cases in the Supreme Court?
The Supreme Court receives about 10,000 petitions a year.
The Justices use
the “Rule of Four” to decide if they will take the case. If four of the nine Justices feel the case has value, they will issue a writ of certiorari.
How do you know if the feds are investigating you?
- The knock on the door. Most people who are under investigation learn about it when law enforcement knocks on their door and asks to talk to them. …
- A search warrant. …
- A subpoena. …
- For federal employees – an OIG meeting. …
- The Target Letter. …
- The word on the street.
What is the first step when a criminal case is being processed?
The first step in a criminal case is generally the arraignment which is the first court date. For felony matters, you may have two arraignments–one before your preliminary hearing and one after its completion if you are held to answer on the charge.
What are the 8 steps of the trial process?
- Trial initiation.
- Jury selection.
- Opening statements.
- Presentation of evidence.
- Closing arguments.
- Judge's charge to the jury.
- Jury deliberations.
- Verdict.
What is the first step in criminal case processing?
The first step in a criminal case is
a court appearance called an arraignment
, in which the charges against the defendant are read before a judge. At an arraignment, a lawyer is appointed if the defendant cannot afford one, and the defendant's plea (guilty, not guilty, no contest) is entered.
What is due process model?
a
view of legal process that places a premium on the rights of the accused and the maintenance of fair procedures by
which such people are processed within the criminal justice system.
What are the stages of a criminal trial?
- Choosing a Jury.
- Opening Statements.
- Witness Testimony and Cross-Examination.
- Closing Arguments.
- Jury Instruction.
- Jury Deliberation and Announcement of Verdict.
What are the main components of the criminal justice system how do they interrelate?
Three main components make up the criminal justice system:
law enforcement, courts, and corrections
. They work together to prevent and punish deviant behavior.
What is the most important components of the criminal justice system?
The major components of the justice system
The justice system's major components—
police, courts, and corrections
—prevent or deter crime by apprehending, trying, and punishing offenders. Police departments are public agencies whose purposes are to maintain order, enforce the criminal law, and provide services.
What are the 3 components of the criminal justice system and what is their role quizlet?
- Law Enforcement.
- Court System.
- Corrections.
How does the criminal justice system responds to crime?
The justice system does not respond to most crime because so much crime is not discovered or reported to the police
. Law enforcement agencies learn about crime from the reports of victims or other citizens, from discovery by a police officer in the field, from informants, or from investigative and intelligence work.
What is the 5 pillars of criminal justice system?
At the time, each of the five pillars of the criminal justice system –
law enforcement, prosecution, courts, corrections and the community
– had yet to come to terms with their strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opportunities.
