He concluded from the experiments that
there was a correlation between intelligence and brain development
. Köhler was very vocal in the psychological community and took stances against both introspection and behaviorism.
What did Wolfgang Kohler conclude with his experiments at the Tenerife zoo?
Köhler concluded that
the chimps had not arrived at these methods through trial-and-error
(which American psychologist Edward Thorndike had claimed to be the basis of all animal learning, through his law of effect), but rather that they had an insight, in which, having realized the answer, they proceeded to carry it …
What is the outcome of Wolfgang Kohler experiment?
In the 1920s, German psychologist Wolfgang Kohler was studying the behavior of apes. He designed some simple experiments that led to the development of one of the
first cognitive theories of learning
, which he called insight learning. In this experiment, Kohler hung a piece of fruit just out of reach of each chimp.
What was Kohler’s experiment?
Köhler used four chimpanzees in his experiments, Chica, Grande, Konsul, and Sultan. In one experiment, Kohler
placed bananas outside Sultan’s cage and two bamboo sticks inside his cage
. Neither stick was long enough to reach the bananas, so the only way to reach them was to put the sticks together.
What was Wolfgang Kohler known for?
WOLFGANG KÖHLER, distinguished psychologist and cofounder of Gestalt psychology, made many important contributions to science. Although he is probably best known for his
empirical studies of chimpanzee problem solving
(The Mentality of Apes [1925]), Köhler’s deepest commitments were theoretical and philosophical.
What was Bandura’s theory?
Social learning theory
, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. … Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
On which animal koffka Kohler has made his experiment?
As director of the anthropoid research station of the Prussian Academy of Sciences at Tenerife, Canary Islands (1913–20), Köhler conducted experiments on problem-solving by
chimpanzees
, revealing their ability to devise and use simple tools and build simple structures.
Who is the father of experimental psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
is the man most commonly identified as the father of psychology.
What did Wolfgang Kohler do for psychology?
Wolfgang Kohler, German psychologist and
co-creator of gestalt psychology
, influenced psychology by contributing to the gestalt theory and being the first to note insight learning.
Who discovered the phi phenomenon?
In 1912
Wertheimer
discovered the phi phenomenon, an optical illusion in which stationary objects shown in rapid succession, transcending the threshold at which they can be perceived separately, appear to move.
What is Thorndike’s theory?
Thorndike’s principle suggests
that responses immediately followed by satisfaction will be more likely to recur
. The law of effect also suggests that behaviors followed by dissatisfaction or discomfort will become less likely to occur.
What is Thorndike experiment?
In summary, Thorndike’s
placed the food outside of the cage that kept the animal and recorded the time for the animal to escape the cage
. He repeated this experiment repeatedly and noted the change of the needed for the animal to escape. (The most famous experiment was the cat in the puzzle box experiment.).
Who discovered latent learning?
Edward Tolman
(1948) challenged these assumptions by proposing that people and animals are active information processes and not passive learners as Behaviorism had suggested. Tolman developed a cognitive view of learning that has become popular in modern psychology.
Who defined the law of effect in learning?
The law of effect principle developed by
Edward Thorndike
suggested that responses closely followed by satisfaction will become firmly attached to the situation and therefore more likely to reoccur when the situation is repeated.
Who introduced Gestalt psychology to America?
The rise of Adolph Hitler and the Nazis forced those responsible for Gestalt theory to escape to the United States in order to survive. This immigration essentially brought
Wertheimer, Köhler, and Koffka’s
ideas to the forefront of American psychology.
Who said that intelligence is an innate general cognitive ability?
British psychologist Charles Spearman
believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g, which could be measured and compared among individuals. Spearman focused on the commonalities among various intellectual abilities and de-emphasized what made each unique.
