About 1,100 years ago, the Jumano (hoo MAH noh) lived near the Rio Grande,
in the Mountains and Basins region of Texas
. Historians call them the Pueblo Jumano because they lived in villages.
What did the Jumano tribe build their homes?
The Jumano built permanent homes made of
wood and adobe bricks
, which they made by drying clay mud in the sun. The roofs were flat and were made from tree branches. They would paint the inside walls with black, red, white, red, and yellow stripes. They built their homes along the Rio Grande River.
What type of houses did the Jumanos live in?
Nomadic Jumanos used
skin tepees
. Stone circles near La Junta de los Ríos and elsewhere have been tentatively interpreted as evidence of this type of housing. Those living at more permanent rancherías built houses of reeds or sticks, while those in the pueblos of New Mexico had masonry houses.
Where did the Jumano tribe eat?
Jumanos along the Rio Grande in west Texas grew beans, corn, squash and gathered mesquite beans, screw beans and prickly pear. They consumed
buffalo
and cultivated crops after settling on the Brazos River, in addition to eating fish, clams, berries, pecans and prickly pear cactus.
Why did the jumanos disappear?
Scholars have generally argued that the Jumanos disappeared as a distinct people by 1750
due to infectious disease, the slave trade, and warfare, with remnants absorbed by the Apache or Comanche
. Variant spellings of the name attested in Spanish documents include Jumana, Xumana, Humana, Umana, Xoman, and Sumana.
Who were the Karankawas enemies?
Instead they were encroached upon by tribes which intruded into Texas, primarily
the Lippan Apaches and the Comanches
. These two tribes, which had been driven southwest by plains tribes, became the Karankawas' bitterest and most feared enemies.
Which tribe does the name Texas come from?
The story goes that the word “Texas” itself comes from
the Caddo word for “friends”
. The Caddo were a confederacy of Native American tribes that dominated East Texas.
What was the Jumanos religion?
The Jumanos demonstrated rudimentary knowledge of
Christianity
that they attributed to “the Woman in Blue,” said to be a Spanish Franciscan nun, María de Jesús de Agreda. She is said to have appeared to Indians in present-day Texas and New Mexico through bilocation, although never physically leaving Spain.
Which tribe would cover themselves with alligator fat and dirt?
Because of the hot summers and mild winters on the Gulf Coast,
the Karankawa men
word little, if any, clothing. Women wore skirts made of deerskin or grass and treated their children with kindness. They painted themselves bright colors. They kept insects away by rubbing alligator fat and dirt on their skin.
What was the Coahuiltecans religion?
Little is known about the religion of the Coahuiltecan. They came together in large numbers on occasion for all-night dances called mitotes. During these occasions, they ate
peyote
to achieve a trance-like state for the dancing.
What did the Coahuiltecan tribe wear?
The men wore little clothing. No garment covered the pubic zone, and men wore sandals only when traversing thorny terrain. In some groups men wore
rabbitskin robes
. Women covered the pubic area with grass or cordage, and over this occasionally wore a slit skirt of two deerskins, one in front, the other behind.
What did the Native Texans eat?
The records reveal that the feast which lasted several days included
deer, water fowl, turkeys, shellfish, eels, squash, corn, and beans
[40]. Other foods were probably eaten as well; chestnuts would have been available as would some berries.
What was unique about the Jumano tribe?
Jumano were traders and hunters and were
known to take on the role as middlemen between the Indian tribes and Spanish settlers
. The term Jumano came about when Antonio de Espejo used the term to describe those living at La Junta in 1581.
Did the jumanos have a government?
Historians call them the Pueblo Jumano because they lived in villages.
Each Jumano village had its own leader and its own government
. Government is a system for ruling or running a town or country. Like other Pueblo people, the Jumano were farmers.
What happened to the Tigua tribe?
The Tribal community known as “Tigua” established Ysleta del Sur in 1682. After leaving the homelands of Quarai Pueblo due to drought the Tigua sought refuge at Isleta Pueblo and were
later captured by the Spanish
during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt and forced to walk south for over 400 miles.
Do Karankawa still exist?
The Karankawa /kəˈræŋkəwə/ are an Indigenous people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, largely in the lower Colorado River and Brazos River valleys. … The Karankawa descendants now call themselves Karankawa Kadla,
living still in Texas along the Gulf Coast, Austin, Tx and Houston, TX
.
