intrinsic motivation
. a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.
What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive a promised reward or to avoid threatened punishments?
Extrinsic motivation
is when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity because we want to earn a reward or avoid punishment.
What is the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake?
Intrinsic motivation
involves engaging in behavior because it is personally rewarding; essentially, performing an activity for its own sake rather than the desire for some external reward.
30.4 When is prosocial modeling most effective?
When the model acts in a way consistent with the prosocial lesson
.
What is identified motivation?
Identified motivation refers to
a form of motivation which occurs as understanding or feeling the need to perform or accomplish some task but not yet acting on this need
. This is a powerful form of intrinsic motivation that prepares the person to act.
What do we call biologically determined?
biological determinism,
also called biologism or biodeterminism
, the idea that most human characteristics, physical and mental, are determined at conception by hereditary factors passed from parent to offspring.
What did Watson and Pavlov agree on?
Watson and Pavlov agreed that:
psychologists should study “mentalistic concepts
.” laws of learning are the same for all animals. laws of learning are NOT the same for all animals.
What is the term for a behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences?
generalization
. behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences. operant behavior.
What is intrinsic motivation theory?
Intrinsic motivation refers to
behavior that is driven by internal rewards
. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is naturally satisfying to you.
What does interval mean in psychology?
Interval means the
schedule is based on the time between reinforcements
, and ratio means the schedule is based on the number of responses between reinforcements. … A fixed interval reinforcement schedule is when behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time.
What is positive constructive behavior?
Prosocial Behavior
. Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior. Mirror Neurons.
Prosocial behavior is defined as ‘
voluntary behavior intended to benefit another
‘ (Eisenberg et al., 2006). It is characterized by acts of kindness, compassion, and helping behaviors, which many consider to be one of the finest qualities of human nature.
What is an example of respondent behavior?
Respondent behavior is a behavioral process (or behavior) that happens in response to some stimuli, and is essential to an organism’s survival. Other examples of human respondent behaviors are
sexual arousal and sweating while running
. …
Personal benefits: Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including
egoistic reasons
(doing things to improve one’s self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely …
Antisocial Modeling:
Modeling of negative behaviors
. Smoking, killing, and other bad things. Prosocial Modeling: Modeling of positive behaviors such as altruism, charity, and many others.
What is an example of intrinsic?
Intrinsic motivation examples
Some examples of intrinsic motivation are:
participating in a sport because it’s fun and you enjoy it rather than doing
it to win an award. learning a new language because you like experiencing new things, not because your job requires it.
What’s another word for self motivated?
| ambitious committed | driven enthusiastic | keen self-directed | self-starting energetic | vigorous forceful |
|---|
What are biologically determined innate patterns that direct behavior?
The term
instinct
denotes inborn patterns of behaviour that are biologically determined rather than learned. Some common human instincts include curiosity, flight, repulsion, reproduction, parental care, etc. Instincts are innate tendencies found in all members of a species that direct behaviour in predictable ways.
What is Introjected regulation?
Introjected regulation is considered to be
a relatively controlling form of motivation in which behaviour is regulated by internal sanctions and/or pressures
that are directed towards attaining reward (e.g., ego enhancement and pride) or avoiding punishment (e.g., guilt and shame) (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
What is an aroused state that occurs because of physiological need?
drive
. an aroused state that occurs because of a psychological need.
Which is the best explanation of the Cannon Bard theory?
The Cannon-Bard theory states that
the lower part of the brain, also called the thalamus, controls your experience of emotion
. At the same time, the higher part of the brain, also called the cortex, controls the expression of emotion. It is believed that these two parts of the brain react simultaneously.
What is Pavlov theory?
Pavlov’s Theory of
Classical Conditioning
Based on his observations, Pavlov suggested that the salivation was a learned response. Pavlov’s dog subjects were responding to the sight of the research assistants’ white lab coats, which the animals had come to associate with the presentation of food.
What is the Behaviourism theory?
Behaviorism or the behavioral learning theory is
a popular concept that focuses on how students learn
. … This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior. A common example of behaviorism is positive reinforcement.
Is Thorndike a behaviorist?
Thorndike was
a pioneer not only in behaviorism
and in studying learning, but also in using animals in clinical experiments. Thorndike was able to create a theory of learning based on his research with animals.
What is spontaneous recovery?
Spontaneous recovery is typically defined as
the reemergence of conditioned responding to an extinguished conditioned stimulus (CS) with the passage of time
since extinction.
What is an unconditioned response?
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned response is
an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus
. 1 For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response.
What motivates Jing Mei refuse?
What motivates Jing-mei to refuse to take piano lessons after the talent show?
Because she thinks she is not a prodigy and doesn’t want to go through that humiliation again.
What is extrinsic reinforcement?
provision of a reward for performing an action
, such as giving a child candy for reading. The reward itself is called an extrinsic reinforcer.
What is a positive Punisher?
Definition. Positive punishment is
a form of behavior modification
. … Positive punishment is adding something to the mix that will result in an unpleasant consequence. The goal is to decrease the likelihood that the unwanted behavior will happen again in the future.
What is reinforcement psychology?
Reinforcement is defined as
a consequence that follows an operant response that increase (or attempts to increase) the likelihood of that response occurring in the future
.
What does extrinsically motivated mean?
Extrinsic motivation involves
completing a task or exhibiting a behavior because of outside causes such as avoiding punishment or receiving a reward
. … While both types of motivation are important, they have different effects on how you work. Extrinsic motivation is beneficial in some cases.
What does ordinal mean in psychology?
a variable whose possible values have a clear rank order
. For example, attitude is an ordinal variable as it may be denoted with ordered points indicating increasing or decreasing values, such as 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, and 4 = strongly agree.
What is a reinforcement schedule?
Schedules of reinforcement are
the precise rules that are used to present (or to remove) reinforcers (or punishers) following a specified operant behavior
. These rules are defined in terms of the time and/or the number of responses required in order to present (or to remove) a reinforcer (or a punisher).
What is an example of operant behavior?
Operant behavior is done because
it produces some type of consequence
. For example, you are probably familiar with Pavlov’s dog (classical conditioning) in which the dog salivated in response to meet powder. The dog couldn’t control the salivation…that’s classical conditioning.
What does conditioned stimulus mean in psychology?
In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is
a previously neutral stimulus
that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
What is meant by the term operant behaviors?
Definition. Operant behavior is that which is said to meet two conditions: (1)
It is freely emitted by an animal, in the sense that there is no obvious triggering stimulus
. (2) It is susceptible to reinforcement and punishment by its consequences, such that it can be caused to go up or down in frequency, respectively.
What is an automatic response to some stimulus called?
respondent behavior. behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.
operant conditioning
. a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
What is an innately reinforcing stimulus?
An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a
biological need
.
Conditioned reinforcer
. a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer.
What is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior called?
modeling
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
Prosociality refers
to behaviours that are intended to benefit others
. … There are numerous behaviours that appear prosocial but, on scrutiny, may not have been intended and motivated for the well-being of others. Consider a banal scenario: a seated passenger on a crowded bus stands up and someone takes his seat.
| philanthropy altruism | social conscience alms-giving | good works helping hand | prosocial behaviour UK selflessness | humanity self-denial |
|---|
What is animal reciprocity?
In evolutionary biology, reciprocal altruism is
a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism’s fitness
, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time.
