confound/confounding variable
. any factor occurring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because a variable other than the independent variable may also affect the dependent variable.
What variable is the effect in the research study?
The variables in a study of a cause-and-effect relationship are called the
independent and dependent variables
. The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The dependent variable is the effect.
What is the term for the other factors that can have an effect on research results?
Confounding variables
are common in research and can affect the outcome of your study. This is because the external influence from the confounding variable or third factor can ruin your research outcome and produce useless results by suggesting a non-existent connection between variables.
What type of research can determine cause and effect?
One of the main strengths of
experimental research
is that it can often determine a cause and effect relationship between two variables. By systematically manipulating and isolating the independent variable, the researcher can determine with confidence the independent variable's causal effect on the dependent variable.
What are conditions in a research study?
a level of the
independent variable
that is manipulated by the researcher in order to assess the effect on a dependent variable. Participants in an experimental condition receive some form of treatment or experience whereas those in a control condition do not.
What is the biggest threat to internal validity?
History, maturation, selection, mortality and interaction of selection and the experimental variable
are all threats to the internal validity of this design.
What are the 12 threats to internal validity?
These threats to internal validity include:
ambiguous temporal precedence, selection, history, maturation, regression, attrition, testing, instrumentation, and additive and interactive threats
to internal validity.
How do you manipulate independent variables?
Again, to manipulate an independent variable means
to change its level systematically
so that different groups of participants are exposed to different levels of that variable, or the same group of participants is exposed to different levels at different times.
What is the relationship between dependent and independent variables?
Independent variables are what we
expect will influence
dependent variables. A Dependent variable is what happens as a result of the independent variable.
What are the 5 types of variables?
- Independent variables. An independent variable is a singular characteristic that the other variables in your experiment cannot change. …
- Dependent variables. …
- Intervening variables. …
- Moderating variables. …
- Control variables. …
- Extraneous variables. …
- Quantitative variables. …
- Qualitative variables.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research?
| Strengths Limitations | Provide more detailed information to explain complex issues More difficult to analyse; don't fit neatly in standard categories | Multiple methods for gathering data on sensitive subjects Data collection is usually time consuming | Data collection is usually cost efficient |
|---|
Which type of research is best for establishing cause and effect?
A controlled experiment
is the only research method that can establish a cause and effect relationship.
What are examples of cause and effect?
Cause and effect is the
relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen
. For example, if we eat too much food and do not exercise, we gain weight. Eating food without exercising is the “cause;” weight gain is the “effect.” There may be multiple causes and multiple effects.
How do you randomly assign participants to conditions?
The primary way that researchers accomplish this kind of control of extraneous variables across conditions is called
random assignment
The assignment of participants to different conditions according to a random procedure, such as flipping a coin, rolling a die, or using a random number generator., which means using a …
Why is random so important for determining cause and effect?
Experiments are the best way to determine cause and effect relationships between these variables. … Randomly assigning subjects
helps to eliminate confounding variables
, or variables other than the independent variable that could cause a change in the dependent variable.
What is treatment condition in experiment?
In experimental design, a level of an
independent variable
or combination of levels of two or more independent variables. For example, in an experiment examining the effects of four different drugs on dreaming, research participants or subjects would receive a different drug in each treatment condition.
