In general, PetCO2 value represents
a reliable index of CO2 partial pressure in the arterial blood (PaCO2)
(measured using blood gas analysis (BGA)). To get the most accurate approximation of PaCO2, the second highest PetCO2 value out of 8 breaths is used.
What is the significance of PetCO2 of 8?
In general, PetCO2 value represents
a reliable index of CO2 partial pressure in the arterial blood (PaCO2)
(measured using blood gas analysis (BGA)). To get the most accurate approximation of PaCO2, the second highest PetCO2 value out of 8 breaths is used.
What does a low PetCO2 mean?
During hypotension, CO was lower with major blood loss (1.9), than without major loss (5.0; P = 0.0008). Low PetCO2 was associated with low CO (P < 0.0001). Low PetCO2 was associated (
P ≤ 0.0012
) with ISS > 20, hypotension, bradycardia, major blood loss, abnormal pupils, cardiac arrest, and death.
What is PetCO in CPR?
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the
partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide
(PetCO
2
) correlates with cardiac output and, consequently, it has a prognostic value in CPR.
What level of ETCO2 is CPR?
A higher ETCO2 reading during resuscitation correlates with improved cardiac output and patient outcomes. An ETCO2 reading
above 15 mm HG
indicates compressions are generating perfusion [1]. The higher the ETCO2, the better the perfusion generated by CPR, and the better the chances of survival are.
What is ETCO2 a good indicator of?
ETCO2 concentration is a reliable index of
effective heart compression during CPR
, which is associated with cardiac output (7, 8).
What is normal ETCO2?
End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) monitoring is a noninvasive technique which measures the partial pressure or maximal concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the end of an exhaled breath, which is expressed as a percentage of CO2 or mmHg. The normal values are
5% to 6% CO2
, which is equivalent to 35-45 mmHg.
Why is low ETCO2 bad?
Low ETCO2 with other signs of shock indicates
poor systemic perfusion
, which can be caused by hypovolemia, sepsis or dysrhythmias. Cardiac arrest is the ultimate shock state; there is no circulation or metabolism and no CO2 production unless effective chest compressions are performed.
What causes low ETCO2?
3. Think
perfusion
, metabolic or psychological problem when ETCO2 is low. Other respiratory conditions can cause a low ETCO2 reading or hypocapnea. With pulmonary embolism, a blocked pulmonary artery causes less CO2-rich blood to return to the lungs, and less CO2 is released with each breath.
What ETCO2 confirms adequate ventilation?
Teams should aim for EtCO2
at least >10 mm Hg and ideally >20 mm Hg
. Where do these numbers come from? These values are approximately 1/4 the normal EtCO2 (35-45 mm Hg), and ideal CPR will provide at least 1/4 of cardiac output. This is an example of capnography during CPR.
What is the effect of excessive ventilation?
What happens with excessive breathing is that it
increases intrathoracic pressure
, which reduces coronary perfusion because blood can’t flow back into the heart. “It reduces venous blood return to the heart, and reduced blood return means reduced blood outflow from the heart,” says Aufderheide.
What is the correct chest compression depth for a child?
Chest compressions: general guidance
Compress the breastbone. Push down 4cm (for a baby or infant) or
5cm (a child)
, which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. Release the pressure, then rapidly repeat at a rate of about 100-120 compressions a minute.
What is high quality CPR?
High-Quality CPR Saves Lives
Chest compression fraction >80% Compression rate of 100-120/min
.
Compression depth of
at least 50 mm (2 inches) in adults and at least 1/3 the AP dimension of the chest in infants and children. No excessive ventilation.
What does EtCO2 mean?
The level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath is called
End Tidal CO
2
(ETCO
2
) and it reflects the patient’s ventilatory status.
1 , 2 , 3
. In this article we discuss the key facts in understanding this technology and its implications in clinical practice.
What is EtCO2 detector?
[1] On the most basic level, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) detectors are
used to measure the exhaled concentration of carbon dioxide
. The concentration of exhaled CO2 correlates to the arterial concentration of CO2, although multiple factors can impact the relationship.
What is normal capnography reading?
Capnography measures ventilation through a metric known as end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2). EtCO2 values are recorded in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury), a unit of pressure. The normal values for patients regardless of age, sex, race, or size range
between 35-45 mm Hg
, or about 5% CO2.
