What does Ekman mean? Ekman
comes from the Germanic personal name Eckhart
. The name Ekman is a short form of this Germanic personal name, which is derived from the Old German word “ecka,” which means “corner” or “edge.” Thus, the original bearer of this name resided at the edge of a settlement or on the corner of a street.
Where is the name Ekman from?
Ekman
comes from the Germanic personal name Eckhart
. The name Ekman is a short form of this Germanic personal name, which is derived from the Old German word “ecka,” which means “corner” or “edge.” Thus, the original bearer of this name resided at the edge of a settlement or on the corner of a street.
What is Ekman layer in ocean?
What is Ekman transport Upsc?
How is Ekman layer calculated?
What is Ekman pumping?
The mechanism by which the effects of boundary layer momentum fluxes are communicated directly to the neighboring (essentially inviscid) fluid
. The mechanism involves a forced secondary circulation referred to as Ekman pumping or Ekman suction, depending on its sign.
What causes Ekman current?
Ekman transport occurs
when ocean surface waters are influenced by the friction force acting on them via the wind
. As the wind blows it casts a friction force on the ocean surface that drags the upper 10-100m of the water column with it.
Why does the Ekman spiral happen?
The Ekman spiral, named after Swedish scientist Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874-1954) who first theorized it in 1902, is
a consequence of the Coriolis effect
. When surface water molecules move by the force of the wind, they, in turn, drag deeper layers of water molecules below them.
What is Ekman transport quizlet?
Ekman transport:
Net movement of water in right angle directions to the wind
.
What is Ekman upwelling?
Coastal upwelling
occurs where Ekman transport moves surface waters away from the coast
; surface waters are replaced by water that wells up from below. Where Ekman transport moves surface waters toward the coast, the water piles up and sinks in the process known as downwelling.
What is wind stress curl?
How were icebergs helpful in determining Observing the Ekman spiral?
This is called the Ekman Spiral.
Because icebergs penetrate quite a long way below the water, they are pushed by both the wind and the water
. This is what makes them drift at an angle to the wind. There is a very nice illustration of an Ekman Spiral on Wikipedia, which is reproduced below.
Where does Ekman pumping occur?
36 Ekman pumping
It can occur
near boundaries
, where an along-shore component of the wind stress creates a coastal divergence (or convergence) in the Ekman layer. It can occur at the equator, where the direction of the Ekman transport due to wind blowing along the equator changes sign.
What does the Ekman spiral predict?
In the Northern Hemisphere, the Ekman spiral predicts
net water movement through a depth of about 100 to 150 m (330 to 500 ft) at 90 degrees to the wind direction
(Figure B). That is, if one adds up all the vectors in (Figure A), the resulting flow is at 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction.
How does Ekman transport affect surface currents?
What is the difference between the Ekman spiral and Ekman transport?
The impact of the Ekman Spiral is enhanced where geographic features create barriers to the movement of water. Ekman transport is the net motion of a fluid (seawater) as the result of a balance between the Coriolis effect and turbulent drag forces (within surface waters and geographic features (shoreline and seabed).
What two forces work together to create an Ekman spiral and begin the motion of the surface currents quizlet?
Which ocean current is the strongest and fastest in the world?
What conditions are necessary for upwelling to occur along the west coast of North America?
What is shear in oceanography?
In physical oceanography and fluid dynamics, the
wind stress
is the shear stress exerted by the wind on the surface of large bodies of water – such as oceans, seas, estuaries and lakes. Stress is the quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that is causing a deformation of an object.
What does wind shear do?
Is wind a shear force?
Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere
. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizontal wind shear.
How does Ekman transport cause upwelling?
What is the Ekman spiral and how does this phenomenon result in the production of a hill of water located in the western Atlantic ocean?
1 The Ekman spiral, shown for the Northern Hemisphere. Wind blowing over the water (blue arrow) creates a surface current 45
o
offset from the wind. Each successive layer of water is moved and deflected by the layer above, creating a spiraling pattern of water movement that diminishes with depth.
What is the direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?
In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always: –
to the left of the wind direction
.
What is upwelling and why is it important?
Upwelling is
the natural process which brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface
. A huge upwelling regularly occurs off the coast of Peru, which enjoys a large fishing industry as a result. Upwelling is a process in which currents bring deep, cold water to the surface of the ocean.
What upwelling means?
How does Ekman transport cause upwelling?
Winds along the Peruvian coast blow towards the north, and since Peru is in the Southern Hemisphere, the Ekman transport is 90
o
to the left of the wind, which
causes the surface water to move offshore
and leads to upwelling and productivity.
