Disease, subclinical:
An illness that stays “below the surface” of clinical detection
. A subclinical disease has no or minimally recognizable clinical findings. It is distinct from a clinical disease, which has signs and symptoms that can be more easily recognized.
What is the subclinical phase of disease?
This stage of subclinical disease, extending from the time of exposure to onset of disease symptoms, is usually called the
incubation period for infectious diseases
, and the latency period for chronic diseases. During this stage, disease is said to be asymptomatic (no symptoms) or inapparent.
Why are subclinical diseases significant?
The identification of subclinical disease may therefore provide a very important marker of the effects of
risk factors
, such as lipoprotein levels, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and diabetes, on the cardiovascular system among relatively asymptomatic individuals.
What is the meaning of asymptomatic?
Asymptomatic means
there are no symptoms
. You are considered asymptomatic if you: Have recovered from an illness or condition and no longer have symptoms. Have an illness or condition (such as early stage high blood pressure or glaucoma) but do not have symptoms of it.
What is an example of a subclinical disease?
A subclinical disease has no recognizable clinical findings. It is distinct from a clinical disease, which has signs and symptoms that can be recognized. Many diseases, including
diabetes, hypothyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis
, are frequently subclinical before they surface as clinical diseases.
What is an example of a subclinical infection?
An example of an
asymptomatic infection
is a mild common cold that is not noticed by the infected individual. Since subclinical infections often occur without eventual overt sign, their existence is only identified by microbiological culture or DNA techniques such as polymerase chain reaction.
What is the incubation period of Covid 19?
On average, symptoms showed up in the newly infected person
about 5.6 days after contact
. Rarely, symptoms appeared as soon as 2 days after exposure. Most people with symptoms had them by day 12. And most of the other ill people were sick by day 14.
What is subclinical inflammation?
“Subclinical inflammation” in this context refers to
the alterations of systemic levels of immune mediators
(i.e., mainly increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines) that are typically found in individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetes complications or in those at increased risk for these conditions.
What are the 5 stages of disease?
The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include
the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods
(Figure 2).
What is the first stage of an infectious disease?
1.
Incubation
. The incubation stage includes the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the onset of symptoms. Viral or bacterial particles replicate during the incubation stage.
Is heart disease a chronic disease?
Chronic diseases – such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, and arthritis – are the leading causes of disability and death in New York State and throughout the United States.
Can you test positive for Covid without symptoms?
Your doctor will likely suggest a
PCR test
for confirmation. You should also self-isolate and call your doctor if you get a positive test result, even if you don’t have symptoms. A negative test if you don’t have symptoms makes it very unlikely that you are infected.
What are the most common medical conditions?
- obesity: 15%
- cancer: 14%
- diabetes: 2%
- drug & alcohol abuse: 2%
- heart disease: 1%
- flu: 1%
- mental illness: 1%
- AIDS: 1%
How do you know if you have mild Covid 19?
Generally, a mild to moderate case of COVID-19 will run its course in about
two weeks
, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) report. If you have mild or moderate flu-like symptoms, including fever (over 100.4) or cough, please avoid visiting hospitals or ambulatory locations.
Why are some people asymptomatic?
1- Some
people have a stronger “innate” immune response to the virus
. 2- Some people encounter a smaller viral load. Personally, I have an additional one: 3- People with stronger “adaptive” immune system are able to respond to an infectious contact much quicker and therefore with fewer symptoms!
What is a latent disease?
A latent infection is
an infection that is hidden, inactive, or dormant
. As opposed to active infections, where a virus or bacterium is actively replicating and potentially causing symptoms, latent infections are essentially static.
What does the word index case mean?
the first documented instance of a disease or other medical condition in a population
, especially the first infection in an epidemic. (loosely) index patient.
What are secondary infections?
A secondary infection is
an infection that occurs during or after treatment for another infection
. It may be caused by the first treatment or by changes in the immune system. Two examples of a secondary infection are: A vaginal yeast infection after taking antibiotics to treat an infection caused by bacteria.
Which of the following may lead to disease susceptibility?
Susceptibility and response to an agent are influenced by factors such as
genetic composition
, nutritional and immunologic status, anatomic structure, presence of disease or medications, and psychological makeup.
What happens when a virus becomes latent?
When a virus is present in the body but exists in a resting (latent) state without producing more virus. A latent viral infection usually
does not cause any noticeable symptoms
and can last a long period of time before becoming active and causing symptoms.
Which body site is most commonly associated with a hospital acquired infection?
Central venous catheters
are considered the primary source of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. The other sources of bloodstream infections are catheter-associated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated Pneumonia.
Yes
, you can be infected with the coronavirus and have a cough or other symptoms with no fever, or a very low-grade one, especially in the first few days. Keep in mind that it is also possible to have COVID-19 with minimal or even no symptoms at all.
How long test positive after Covid?
Editor’s Note: As of Dec. 22, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continues to advise waiting
five to seven days
to get tested after close contact with someone with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. It can take almost a week after exposure to COVID-19 to have a positive test result.
How long does Covid virus last in the body?
How long COVID-19 stays in the body varies from person to person. Generally, people are no longer contagious about 10 days after the onset of symptoms. A recent study found that people can be shed the virus for
as long as 83 days
, underscoring the importance of frequent testing, quarantining, and isolation practices.
What are the five signs of an infection?
- Fever (this is sometimes the only sign of an infection).
- Chills and sweats.
- Change in cough or a new cough.
- Sore throat or new mouth sore.
- Shortness of breath.
- Nasal congestion.
- Stiff neck.
- Burning or pain with urination.
What is disease incubation period?
The incubation period is
the time from exposure to the causative agent until the first symptoms develop
and is characteristic for each disease agent.
What are the 4 stages of infection?
- Stages of Disease.
- STAGE 1: INCUBATION PERIOD.
- STAGE 2: PRODROMAL PERIOD.
- STAGE 3: ACUTE PERIOD.
- STAGE 4: CONVALESCENCE PERIOD.
What stage begins when more specific signs and symptoms?
In medicine,
a prodrome
is an early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) that often indicates the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms develop.
Which disease has no cure?
cancer
.
dementia
, including Alzheimer’s disease. advanced lung, heart, kidney and liver disease. stroke and other neurological diseases, including motor neurone disease and multiple sclerosis.
Which is the most common type of biological vector of human disease?
Arthropods
are the most common type of biological vector of human disease. A mosquito bites a person who subsequently develops a fever and abdominal rash.
Which disease has shortest incubation period?
- Adenovirus – 2 to 14 days, leading to a sore throat, fever, and pink eye.
- Vomiting after exposure to Bacillus cereus, a type of food poisoning – 30 minutes to 6 hours (very short incubation period)
- Clostridium tetani (Tetanus) – 3 to 21 days.
- Chickenpox – 10 to 21 days.
What are the common diseases of old age?
- Arthritis.
- Cancer.
- Chronic Kidney Disease.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
- Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease.
- Diabetes.
- Osteoporosis.
- Stroke.
What are 5 communicable diseases?
Some examples of reportable communicable disease include
HIV, hepatitis A, B and C, measles, salmonella, measles, and blood-borne illnesses
. Most common forms of spread include fecal-oral, food, sexual intercourse, insect bites, contact with contaminated fomites, droplets, or skin contact.
What should I eat to have a healthy heart?
- Leafy Green Vegetables. Leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale and collard greens are well-known for their wealth of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. …
- Whole Grains. …
- Berries. …
- Avocados. …
- Fatty Fish and Fish Oil. …
- Walnuts. …
- Beans. …
- Dark Chocolate.
Is High Blood Pressure a cardiovascular disease?
High blood pressure (BP) is
one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease
(CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality. Approximately 54% of strokes and 47% of coronary heart diseases, worldwide, are attributable to high BP.
What is the best exercise for cardiovascular health?
Aerobic Exercise
How much: Ideally, at least 30 minutes a day, at least five days a week. Examples: Brisk walking, running, swimming, cycling, playing tennis and jumping rope. Heart-pumping aerobic exercise is the kind that doctors have in mind when they recommend at least 150 minutes per week of moderate activity.
What if someone in your house has Covid?
- Caregivers should stay home and monitor their health for COVID-19 symptoms while caring for the person who is sick. …
- Caregivers should continue to stay home after care is complete. …
- The best way to protect yourself and others is to stay home for 14 days if you think you’ve been exposed to someone who has COVID-19.
