What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?
another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus
.
How did lashay develop the equipotentiality hypothesis?
How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis?
He trained rats in the correct route through a maze, then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress through the maze
. Giorgio memorizes the German poem “The Erlking” to recite in his eighth grade German class.
What was the overall result of Lashley’s research that sought out the Engram of human memory?
Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time. What was the overall result of Lashley’s research that sought out the engram of human memory?
He found no evidence that an engram actual exists.
What did Lashley develop?
Lashley pioneered
experimental work conducted on rats with surgically induced brain lesions
, by damaging or removing specific areas of a rat’s cortex, either before or after the animals were trained in mazes and visual discrimination.
Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories such as a flashbulb memory and weak emotional experiences for weak memories?
Strong emotional experiences can
trigger the release of neurotransmitters
, as well as hormones, which strengthen memory, so that memory for an emotional event is usually stronger than memory for a non-emotional event.
What is the behaviorist principle of equipotentiality?
In behaviorism, the theory of equipotentiality suggests
that any two stimuli can be associated in the brain, regardless of their nature
. It proposes that all forms of associative learning, both classical (Pavlovian) and operant (Skinnerian) involve the same underlying mechanisms.
What is the equipotentiality principle of memory storage?
Equipotentiality is the
theory that the brain has the capacity (in the case of injury) to transfer functional memory from the damaged portion of the brain to other undamaged portions of the brain
. This hypothesis, put forward by Karl Spence Lashley, is part of his law of mass action.
What is the main idea of levels of processing theory quizlet?
What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?
If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.
Which concept describes the effects of miss information from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories?
Suggestibility
describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information?
The self-reference effect
is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977).
How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis group of answer choices?
How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis?
He trained rats in the correct route through a maze, then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress
through the maze.
What is equipotentiality law?
in learning theory,
the principle that any pair of stimuli can be associated with equal ease, regardless of their nature or origin
. Also called law of equipotentiality; principle of equipotentiality.
What did Karl Lashley conclude about the Engram?
Beginning with Karl Lashley, researchers and psychologists have been searching for the engram, which is the physical trace of memory. Lashley did not find the engram, but he
did suggest that memories are distributed throughout the entire brain rather than stored in one specific area
.
How does the amygdala contribute to memory?
There is extensive evidence that the amygdala is involved
in affectively influenced memory
. The central hypothesis guiding the research reviewed in this paper is that emotional arousal activates the amygdala and that such activation results in the modulation of memory storage occurring in other brain regions.
What does the amygdala do for memory?
The amygdala, an almond-shaped structure in the brain’s temporal lobe,
attaches emotional significance to memories
. This is particularly important because strong emotional memories (e.g. those associated with shame, joy, love or grief) are difficult to forget.
Why do strong emotions help form strong memories?
This happens because of the amygdala, which brain imaging studies have shown is activated by emotional events. The amygdala boosts
memory encoding by enhancing attention and perception
, and can help memory retention by triggering the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, to boost arousal.
What is equipotentiality in classical conditioning?
The premise of equipotentiality, which has been widely adhered to among learning theorists,
states that the laws of learning should not vary with the use of particular stimuli, responses, or reinforcements
.
What does equipotentiality mean in psychology?
Equipotentiality refers to a psychological theory in both neuropsychology and behaviorism. Karl Spencer Lashley defined equipotentiality as “
The apparent capacity of any intact part of a functional brain to carry out… the [memory] functions which are lost by the destruction of [other parts]
“.
What did Lashley’s studies demonstrate?
Lashley’s Research. If each
part of the nervous system stores memories of its own role in neural activity
, this may help explain a famous series of experiments that baffled psychologists in the 1930s and 1940s. … Lashley concluded that memories had to be spread all over the brain, throughout all the tissue.
What is Ebbinghaus famous for?
Hermann Ebbinghaus, (born January 24, 1850, Barmen, Rhenish Prussia [Germany]—died February 26, 1909, Halle, Germany), German psychologist who
pioneered in the development of experimental methods for the measurement of rote learning and memory
. Ebbinghaus received a Ph. D. degree from the University of Bonn in 1873.
What is an example of equipotentiality?
Equipotentiality theory, however, hypothesized that the severity of cognitive dysfunction was directly related to the total amount of tissue damage. For example,
memory functioning was thought to be diffusely distributed throughout the cortex
rather than related to defined circuits or pathways.
How did a scientist in the 1920s determine that memory is stored in various areas of the brain?
In the 1920s
the behavioral psychologist Karl Lashley
conducted a now famous series of experiments in an attempt to identify the part of the brain in which memories are stored. … He therefore concluded that memories are not stored in any single area of the brain, but are instead distributed throughout it.
How can the deeper level processing theory help you become a better student?
The Levels of Processing Theory can help you
design memorable and meaningful eLearning experiences
that facilitate long-term knowledge retention. Information that is processed on a deeper level will be remembered more readily.
Which of the following involves the deepest level of processing according to depth of processing theory?
Semantic processing
is the deepest level of processing according to this model. In semantic processing, additional meaning and related information is encoded at the same time. This leads to a very strong memory trace because of deep processing.
What is top down processing in the context of sensory perception?
In top-down processing,
perceptions begin with the most general and move toward the more specific
. These perceptions are heavily influenced by our expectations and prior knowledge. 1 Put simply, your brain applies what it knows to fill in the blanks and anticipate what’s next.
Which concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories quizlet?
–
Suggestibility
describes the effect of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for an information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?
The self-reference effect
is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper & Kirker, 1977).
What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself quizlet?
The self-reference effect
is the tendency an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself than information that is not personally relevant.
How does Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model of memory work?
Atkinson and Shiffrin believed that once information enters the brain,
it must be either stored or maintained
and that the information which is stored goes into three distinct memory systems: the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
What is context dependent memory AP Psychology?
Explanation: Context-dependent memory is
a theory that suggests that information is optimally remembered when it is recalled in the same place in which it was initially learned
.
How does suggestibility of memories in long term storage relate to eyewitness testimony?
Since long term memories are geared to remember general ideas, the specific details, of which are required for eyewitness testimonies, are riddled with mistakes. … Suggestibility refers to
the information that the witness acquired after the actual event itself is stored into memory
.
What is the behaviorist principle of equipotentiality?
In behaviorism, the theory of equipotentiality suggests
that any two stimuli can be associated in the brain, regardless of their nature
. It proposes that all forms of associative learning, both classical (Pavlovian) and operant (Skinnerian) involve the same underlying mechanisms.
What is the equipotentiality principle of memory storage?
Equipotentiality is the
theory that the brain has the capacity (in the case of injury) to transfer functional memory from the damaged portion of the brain to other undamaged portions of the brain
. This hypothesis, put forward by Karl Spence Lashley, is part of his law of mass action.
What were the findings of Karl Lashley?
In 1951 Lashley published a famous paper called “The Problem of Serial Order in Behavior,” in which he pointed out that complex sequential behavior (such as playing a piece on the piano) could not be executed by one response sending a
proprioceptive signal back to the brain
which would then trigger the next response in …
What did Lashley find when he removed parts of the brain?
Lashley found that when he removed parts of the brain:
the amount of tissue removed was more important than the location
. The cerebellum’s role in memories may be limited to what kind of learning or memory? … implicit memory.
What method did Karl Lashley use to identify the location of specific types of learning and associated memories?
For the next several decades Karl Lashley, who had worked with Franz, used
the cortical ablation technique
in his classic studies of cortical functioning in learning and, as is well known, found that the lesion-induced impairment was related to the size of the lesion and not its locus.
How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis?
How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis?
He trained rats in the correct route through a maze, then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress through the maze
. Giorgio memorizes the German poem “The Erlking” to recite in his eighth grade German class.
Who invented equipotentiality?
Equipotentiality – a notion developed by
Karl Spencer Lashley
(1890–1958) positing that all areas of the brain are equally able to perform a task.
Why is the amygdala important?
The amygdala may be best known as the part of the brain that drives the so-called “fight or flight” response. While it is often associated with the body’s fear and stress responses, it also
plays a pivotal role in memory
.
What does the amygdala do?
The amygdala is commonly thought to form
the core of a neural system for processing fearful and threatening stimuli
(4), including detection of threat and activation of appropriate fear-related behaviors in response to threatening or dangerous stimuli.
