One of the ethical problems with the Willowbrook Hepatitis Study is that
it did not protect the participants from harm
. New patients, who were healthy, were subjected to the infectious disease. Furthermore, researchers stated that the children would more than likely become infected during their time at Willowbrook.
Which of the following is one of the ethical issues involved in the Willowbrook studies?
The issues include :
the vulnerability of the test subjects, interference with informed consent and the non-therapeutic nature of their experiment for their subjects
. It is morally wrong to perform an experiment on either a normal or a mentally retarded child when no benefit can result for that child.
Why was the Willowbrook hepatitis project considered unethical quizlet?
unethical
because the participants had no choice regarding whether they wanted to participate
. What is the Nuremburg Code?
How was coercion involved in the Willowbrook study?
4 Parents were coerced into enrolling their children in the research by the lack of available space at the school
. 5 Infection with hepatitis was not “inevitable” for children admitted to Willowbrook as Krugman had argued.
What is Willowbrook hepatitis study?
Mentally retarded children housed at the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York, were intentionally given hepatitis in
an attempt to track the development of the viral infection
. The study began in 1956 and lasted for 14 years.
What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram's research on obedience quizlet?
ethical questions… … The ethical issues involved with the Milgram experiment are as follows:
deception, protection of participants involved, and the right to withdrawal
. The experiment was deemed unethical, because the participants were led to believe that they were administering shocks to real people.
What is the main goal of the debriefing session?
Debriefing is defined as a dialogue between two or more people; its goals are to
discuss the actions and thought processes involved in a particular patient care situation
, encourage reflection on those actions and thought processes, and incorporate improvement into future performance.
What are the horrors of Willowbrook?
Beatings, Burns and Betrayal: The Willowbrook Scandal's Legacy.
Children with developmental disabilities
were held under brutal conditions at a notorious New York facility. Decades later, they still face abuse and neglect. [Watch a Times investigation of abuse at state-run group homes on “The Weekly,” on FX and Hulu.]
What was the motivation behind the Nuremberg Code?
The Nuremberg Code aimed
to protect human subjects from enduring the kind of cruelty and exploitation the prisoners endured at concentration camps
.
What are the Belmont principles?
Three basic principles, among those generally accepted in our cultural tradition, are particularly relevant to the ethics of research involving human subjects:
the principles of respect of persons, beneficence and justice.
Who was involved in the Willowbrook study?
This led to controversial medical studies being carried out there between the late 1950s and the '70s by
medical researchers Saul Krugman (New York University) and Robert W. McCollum (Yale University)
, who monitored subjects to gauge the effects of gamma globulin in combating it.
What did Saul Krugman discover?
He was the first scientist to determine the distinction between
infectious hepatitis A and serum hepatitis B
. He found that hepatitis A was transmitted orally or through consumption of infected materials and that hepatitis B was transmitted intravenously and through sexual contact.
What are the ethical principles?
The 4 main ethical principles, that is
beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice
, are defined and explained. Informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality spring from the principle of autonomy, and each of them is discussed.
Hepatitis refers to
an inflammatory condition of the liver
. It's commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol.
How was the Willowbrook hepatitis study unethical?
One of the ethical problems with the Willowbrook Hepatitis Study is that
it did not protect the participants from harm
. New patients, who were healthy, were subjected to the infectious disease. Furthermore, researchers stated that the children would more than likely become infected during their time at Willowbrook.
What are some of the ethical issues in the Milgram experiment?
- Deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of Milgram's. …
- Protection of participants – Participants were exposed to extremely stressful situations that may have the potential to cause psychological harm.
