The principal climatic factors that affect the amount of runoff for a given watershed are rainfall duration and intensity, the season of the year, and the meteorologic and frozen soil conditions before the storm . Total runoff for a storm is related to the rainfall duration and intensity.
What is runoff and factors affecting runoff?
Runoff depends on the intensity of rainfall . More the rainfall, more will be runoff. If the rainfall intensity is very less and it rains as light showers then much of the water will be lost in infiltration & evaporation resulting less runoff. If precipitation is in case of snow then less runoff.
Which factor affects the amount of runoff that occurs in an area land use the water table the saturation zone?
amount of nutrients in the soil .
What is the land affects the amount of runoff water?
Quick Glance at Runoff
Runoff appears in uncontrolled surface streams, rivers, drains and sewers. Factors that affect runoff include the amount of rainfall, permeability, vegetation and the slope of the land . Runoff can have negative side effects that include severe erosion and an increase in pollution.
Which features help reduce the amount of runoff that occurs in an area?
Human changes to these landscape features can greatly influence runoff. Grassed filter strips in farm fields help reduce runoff and erosion by slowing water velocities in the vegetated areas. Grassy strips also reduce erosion by trapping excess sediment, nutrients, and farm chemicals.
What are the factors affecting runoff?
- Type of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, etc.)
- Rainfall intensity.
- Rainfall amount.
- Rainfall duration.
- Distribution of rainfall over the watersheds.
- Direction of storm movement.
- Antecedent precipitation and resulting soil moisture.
What is the relationship between infiltration and surface runoff?
The terms, “surface runoff” and “infiltration,” which form the title of this paper, are usually associated with a piece of land and the precipitation falling upon it . They suggest that this ground is porous, that part of the water will infiltrate into it while the rest runs off along the surface or evaporates.
How do you reduce runoff?
- Disconnect/Redirect Downspouts.
- Use a rain barrel to capture rain from your roof.
- Plant a rain garden.
- Plant trees.
- Reduce impervious surfaces; install permeable pavement.
- Plant a green roof.
What are examples of runoff?
Runoff is defined as excess water draining away from land or buildings. The overflow of water that drains off of your driveway is an example of runoff. Dissolved chemicals, etc, included in such water. The runoff of nitrates is poisoning the lake.
What are the characteristics of runoff?
- The most important characteristics of runoff are: peak discharge, total runoff volume, and frequency of peak flows.
- The peak discharge (peak flow) is the maximum flow a given point as a result of a storm.
What are the three types of runoff?
There are three major types of runoff depending on the source: surface flow, interflow, and base flow .
How can we prevent runoff pollution?
- Use fertilizers sparingly and sweep up driveways, sidewalks, and roads.
- Never dump anything down storm drains.
- Vegetate bare spots in your yard.
- Compost your yard waste.
- Avoid pesticides; learn about Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
What is toxic runoff?
Toxic runoff can pollute surface waters , like rivers and lakes, as well as seep into underground groundwater supplies. Photograph by James P. Blair. Stormwater Runoff. Stormwater runoff is the runoff drained into creeks, bays, and other water sources after a storm.
What are the five factors that affect runoff?
- Type of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, etc.)
- Rainfall intensity.
- Rainfall amount.
- Rainfall duration.
- Distribution of rainfall over the drainage basin.
- Direction of storm movement.
- Precipitation that occurred earlier and resulting soil moisture.
What are the four factors that affect runoff?
Watershed factors affecting runoff are land slope, shape, soil, and land use . The principal effect of land slope is on the rate of runoff. Runoff will flow faster on a steeper slope.
What is direct runoff?
Direct surface runoff is the rain or meltwater that runs off during the rain or melt event as overland flow or in the vegetation cover above a frozen soil. The meltwater and the rain falling onto snow or on frozen ground reach a stream along different pathways.
