What factors affect the operation of a simple electric motor? Motor performance depends on three elements such as
voltage across terminals, resistance across terminals, and magnetic force
.
What are the factors which can affect speed of rotation of motor armature?
- The flux Φ
- The voltage across the armature.
- The applied voltage V.
What are the factors affecting the speed of induction motor?
The rotating field speed depends on
the number of magnetic poles in the stator
and is referred to as the synchronous speed. Frequency refers to the power supply frequency (e.g. 60 Hz). The number of magnetic poles (or simply poles) is the principal design factor affecting speed in AC motors.
How the operation of a simple electric motor and generator works?
A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, while a motor does the opposite – it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
. Both devices work because of electromagnetic induction, which is when a voltage is induced by a changing magnetic field.
What are the basic parts elements of a simple electric motor?
- A power supply – mostly DC for a simple motor.
- Field Magnet – could be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
- An Armature or rotor.
- Commutator.
- Brushes.
- Axle.
- magnetism and thermal.
- electricity and thermal.
- electricity and magnetism.
- magnetism and radiant.
There are several characteristics that you need pay attention to when selecting a motor but
voltage, current, torque, and velocity (RPM)
are most important. Current is what powers the motor and too much current will damage the motor. For DC motors, operating and stall current are important.
The strength of the motor (torque) is determined by voltage and the length of the wire in an electromagnet in the stator,
the longer the wire (which means more coils in the stator) the stronger the magnetic field
. This means more power to turn the rotor.
A frequency higher than the rated frequency usually improves the power factor but decreases locked-rotor torque and
increases the speed
and friction and windage loss. At a frequency lower than the rated frequency, the speed is decreased, locked-rotor torque is increased, and power factor is decreased.
When an electrical current is applied to the motor, the magnets or windings create a magnetic field that both attracts and repels the rotor, causing it to spin
. The spinning motion of the rotor drives the shaft that it is mounted on, which in turn can deliver the mechanical power wherever it is needed.
- By varying the flux, and by varying the current through field winding.
- By varying the armature voltage, and the armature resistance.
- Through the supply voltage.
Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
A conductor coil (a copper coil tightly wound onto a metal core) is rotated rapidly between the poles of a horseshoe type magnet
. The conductor coil along with its core is known as an armature.
The intensity of the electric field depends by a number of factors such as
the constructive form of the cell, the cell sizes, the value and the waveform of the supply voltage, the type of insulators used as dielectric barrier
.
This simple electric motor works by the
magnetic force F = IL x B
. The current goes around the coil so that it points one direction in one end of the loop and in the other direction at the other end of the loop.
- Stator Coil.
- Rotor Coil.
- Main Shaft.
- Brush.
- Bearing.
- Drive Pulley.
- Motor Housing.
An electric motor utilises the
magnetic effect of current
. It works on the principle that when a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field and current is passed through it, a force acts on the coil which rotates it continuously.
Rotates because
the wires and magnetic field of the motor are arranged so that a torque is developed about the rotor's axis
. The coil is inside the stator and it's mounted on an axle that spins around at high speed. This is called the rotor.
The current-carrying wire in a magnetic field results in a force which will rotate the rotor
. top conductor (“a”) of the armature loop towards the left, and acts to pull the lower conductor (“b”) towards the right. These two forces rotate the armature that is attached to the rotor.
