The participants in the “smashed” condition reported the highest speed estimate (
40.8 mph
), followed by “collided” (39.3 mph), “bumped” (38.1 mph), “hit” (34 mph), and “contacted” (31.8 mph) in descending order.
What was the car crash experiment?
Each participant was to watch a film of a traffic accident provided to them
, ranging in duration from 5 to 30 seconds. … After watching the film, the participants were to describe what they witnessed. They were each asked a series of specific questions, with careful wording.
How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?
The participants in the “smashed” condition reported the highest speed estimate (
40.8 mph
), followed by “collided” (39.3 mph), “bumped” (38.1 mph), “hit” (34 mph), and “contacted” (31.8 mph) in descending order.
What questions did Loftus and Palmer ask?
LOFTUS AND PALMER
For example, some subjects were asked,
“About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?
” while others were asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” As Fillmore (1971) and Bransford and McCarrell (in press) have noted, hit and si.
What was the purpose of the car crash experiment?
The Study. The goal was
to test the hypothesis that language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory
. They did this by asking the participants to estimate the speed of cars using different forms of questions.
What was the significance of Loftus smashed versus contacted study quizlet?
The entire experiment lasted about an hour and a half and a different ordering of the films was presented to each group of Ps. These results show that the phrasing of the question brought about a change in speed estimate. The verb
‘smashed' elicited a higher speed estimate that the verb ‘contacted'
.
Which is true of working memory?
working memory. … There is probably no single site or process in the brain corresponding to a particular memory. Which of the following statements is true of working memory? Working memory
permits us to keep information in an active state briefly so that we can do something with the information
.
What is the Lost in the Mall technique used for?
The “lost in the mall” technique or experiment is
a memory implantation technique used to demonstrate that confabulations about events that never took place –
such as having been lost in a shopping mall as a child – can be created through suggestions made to experimental subjects that their older relative was present …
Why does the misinformation effect happen?
The misinformation effect occurs when
a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information
. … Essentially, the new information that a person receives works backward in time to distort memory of the original event.
What are false memories?
A false memory is
a recollection that seems real in your mind but is fabricated in part or in whole
. … They're shifts or reconstructions of memory that don't align with the true events.
What was Loftus and Palmer hypothesis?
Loftus and Palmer aimed
to show that leading questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the question
. To test this hypothesis, Loftus and Palmer asked people to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions after they had observed a car accident.
Is Loftus and Palmer valid?
Loftus and Palmer's research
has questionable ecological validity
. On the one hand, questioning participants about everyday events like a car crash appears to be a genuine measure of eyewitness testimony. … A second weakness of Loftus and Palmer's research is that their study lacks population validity.
What are the effects of leading questions?
Intentionally or accidentally, leading questions can
impact on the testimonies provided by eyewitnesses in trials
, influence referendum outcomes and affect the accuracy of survey results. Beyond the phrasing of questions, a number of other factors can also affect the answers given to questions.
What is meant by the misinformation effect?
The misinformation effect refers to
the tendency for post-event information to interfere with the memory of the original event
. Researchers have shown that the introduction of even relatively subtle information following an event can have a dramatic effect on how people remember.
How does reconstructive memory work?
Reconstructive memory suggests that
in the absence of all information
, we fill in the gaps to make more sense of what happened. According to Bartlett, we do this using schemas. These are our previous knowledge and experience of a situation and we use this process to complete the memory.
What is the importance of manipulation and control in the experimental method?
Manipulation means that something is purposefully changed by the researcher in the environment.
Control is used to prevent outside factors from influencing the study outcome
. When something is manipulated and controlled and then the outcome happens, it makes us more confident that the manipulation “caused” the outcome.
