Cross-sectional studies
measure the cause (exposure) and the effect (disease) at the same point in time
. They compare the rates of diseases or symptoms of an exposed group with an unexposed group. Strictly speaking, the exposure information is ascertained simultaneously with the disease information.
What is a cross-sectional study?
A cross-sectional study
examines the relationship between disease (or other health related state) and other variables of interest as
they exist in a defined population at a single point in time or over a short period of time (e.g. calendar year).
Is a cross-sectional study an epidemiological study?
On the other hand, a cross-sectional study is a
perfectly fine tool for descriptive epidemiology purposes
. … Cross-sectional studies measure exposure and disease status at the same time, and are better suited to descriptive epidemiology than causation.
What is an example of cross-sectional study?
A cross-sectional study involves looking at data from a population at one specific point in time. … For example, researchers studying
developmental psychology
might select groups of people who are different ages but investigate them at one point in time.
Why do a cross-sectional study?
The benefit of a cross-sectional study design is that
it allows researchers to compare many different variables at the same time
. We could, for example, look at age, gender, income and educational level in relation to walking and cholesterol levels, with little or no additional cost.
What is a disadvantage of a cross-sectional study?
The disadvantages of cross-sectional study include:
Cannot be used to analyze behavior over a period to time
.
Does not help determine cause and effect
.
The timing of the snapshot is not guaranteed to be representative
.
Is a questionnaire a cross-sectional study?
Cross-sectional surveys can be conducted using any mode
of data collection
, including telephone interviews in which landline telephones are called, telephone interviews in which cell phones are called, face-to-face interviews, mailed questionnaires, other self-administered questionnaires, electronic mail, Web data …
What are the 3 major types of epidemiologic studies?
Three major types of epidemiologic studies are
cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies
(study designs are discussed in more detail in IOM, 2000). A cohort, or longitudinal, study follows a defined group over time.
What are the 3 types of observational study?
Three types of observational studies include
cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies
(Figure 1).
What level is a cross sectional study?
Cross sectional study designs and case series form
the lowest level of the aetiology hierarchy
. In the cross sectional design, data concerning each subject is often recorded at one point in time.
What are the strengths of a cross-sectional study?
The main strength of cross-sectional studies is that
they are relatively quick and inexpensive to conduct
. They are the best way to determine the prevalence and can study the associations of multiple exposures and outcomes.
What is cross sectional data examples?
Cross-sectional data are observations that come from different individuals or groups at a single point in time.
If one considered the closing prices of a group of 20 different tech stocks on December 15, 1986
, this would be an example of cross-sectional data.
How is cross-sectional study done?
In a cross-sectional study,
the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the study participants at the same time
. … After the entry into the study, the participants are measured for outcome and exposure at the same time [Figure 1]. The investigator can study the association between these variables.
What is cross section area?
The cross-sectional area is
the area of a two-dimensional shape that is obtained when a three-dimensional object – such as a cylinder – is sliced perpendicular to some specified axis at a point
. … For example, the cross-section of a cylinder – when sliced parallel to its base – is a circle.
Is a cross-sectional study a cohort study?
Stated differently, the cross-sectional cohort study is
a retrospective cohort study with all exposure and outcome information collected retrospectively
, and with an unknown amount of loss to follow-up.
What is cross-sectional validity?
Definition. Cross-Sectional Validity
addresses the issue of whether or not the instrument assesses the construct as defined in the measurement model
.
