:
A gradient obtained after reinforcement correlated with a single stimulus
(occasionally, in studies of the summation of gradients, two or more stimuli), when no discrimination has been trained between this and other stimuli on the continuum along which the gradient is determined.
What does a generalization gradient tell us about generalization and discrimination?
Discrimination and generalization are essentially opposites. … A steep generalization gradient
means good control of behavior by the stimulus dimension that is tested – responding is differentiated between the two stimuli
. A flat generalization gradient means poor control of behavior by the stimulus that is tested.
What is a generalization gradient?
○ Generalization gradient –
a graph
.
showing how the strength of
.
response changes with similarity
. ● Steep gradients mean narrow response. (stimuli must be very similar).
What is the shape of a generalization gradient?
The shape of the generalization gradient reflects
the degree of stimulus generalization that an organism exhibits
. What is the typical shape of a stimulus generalization gradient? steep gradient—responding decreases substantially even when minor changes in the graining stimulus occur.
Why is stimulus generalization gradient important?
Stimulus generalization can have
an important impact on the response to a stimulus
. Sometimes individuals are able to discriminate between similar items, but in other cases, similar stimuli tend to evoke the same response.
What does the steepness of a generalization gradient indicate quizlet?
The steepness of a generalization gradient indicates
how much generalization is happening
; for example, a flat gradient indicates more generalization whereas a steep gradient indicates less generalization.
What is stimulus generalization example?
Stimulus generalization is the
tendency of a new stimulus to evoke responses or behaviors similar
to those elicited by another stimulus. For example, Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate using the sound of a bell and food powder.
What is the role of generalization and discrimination in learning?
In the realm of psychology, discrimination and generalization play a huge role.
They can determine our reactions to particular events and situations
. They are the embodiment of life lessons (for better or worse) that we carry with us into the future.
Why do flat generalization gradients occur?
A flat gradient means
all stimuli are being responded to as if they were the same
. Responding with a gradient to a tone occurred only when the tone signaled reward during training.
Why does peak shift occur?
“Peak shift” is a
behavioral response bias arising from discrimination learning in which animals display a directional, but limited, preference for or avoidance of unusual stimuli
. Its hypothesized evolutionary relevance has been primarily in the realm of aposematic coloration and limited sexual dimorphism.
What is an S Delta?
S-delta. The S-delta (SD) is
the stimulus in the presence of which the behavior is not reinforced
. At first during discrimination training, the animal often responds in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the SD. These similar stimuli are S-deltas. Eventually, responding to the S-delta will be extinguished.
What is S+ in psychology?
Psychologists say an operant behavior is under stimulus control if it is triggered (or suppressed) by certain stimuli. … An S+ is
a discriminative stimulus that tells an animal reinforcement is available
. An S- is a discriminative stimulus that tells an animal reinforcement is not available.
What is Spence’s theory?
Spence’s theory of discrimination learning (1936, 1937) which
was orginally proposed to account for the phenomenon of transposition
, is, when combined with certain postulates of the Hullian system, capable of dealing with an impressive range of empirical data from the related areas of stimulus generalization, …
What is generalization example?
Generalization, in psychology,
the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli
. … For example, a child who is scared by a man with a beard may fail to discriminate between bearded men and generalize that all men with beards are to be feared.
What is an example of response generalization?
Response generalization occurs when your child shows a positive learned behavior in a novel way and is something that you should look for to gauge your child’s progress. For example, after learning to use a spoon to eat cereal, response generalization would include
your child selecting to use a spoon to eat ice cream
.
What is the difference between stimulus generalization and discrimination?
In stimulus generalization, an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus. … On the other hand, stimulus discrimination occurs
when an organism learns a response to a specific stimulus
, but does not respond the same way to new stimuli that are similar.
