Parenteral transmission refers to
the process of acquiring an infectious agent into one’s body through something other than the gastrointestinal
(or enteral) route.
What is parenteral portal of entry?
Pathogens that enter the body in
this way are said to enter by the parenteral route. For example, the skin is a good natural barrier to pathogens, but breaks in the skin (e.g., wounds, insect bites, animal bites, needle pricks) can provide a parenteral portal of entry for microorganisms.
What is parenteral exposure?
Parenteral exposure is defined as
subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous contact with blood or other body fluid of an HIV-1 infected individual
, but not mucocutaneous contact. Percutaneous injuries involving splashes of infected fluid onto open wounds were excluded.
What is parenteral use?
Parenteral refers to
the path by which medication comes in contact with the body
. Parenteral medications enter the body by injection through the tissue and circulatory system.
What are three common routes of infection?
The transmission of microorganisms can be divided into the following five main routes:
direct contact, fomites, aerosol (airborne), oral (ingestion), and vectorborne
. Some microorganisms can be transmitted by more than one route.
What is an example of parenteral transmission?
In some disease transmission schemes, parenteral transmission is restricted to infection only through skin penetration, but more commonly it also refers to transmission through
the respiratory tract
, the bloodstream, urinary or genital tract, or even through more rare routes such as the eyes, ears, or umbilicus.
What are the 3 major portals of entry for disease?
- Inhalation (via the respiratory tract)
- Absorption (via mucous membranes such as the eyes)
- Ingestion (via the gastrointestinal tract)
- Inoculation (as the result of an inoculation injury)
- Introduction (via the insertion of medical devices)
What are the portals of entry?
The portal of entry refers to
the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host
. The portal of entry must provide access to tissues in which the pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act. Often, infectious agents use the same portal to enter a new host that they used to exit the source host.
What is parenteral medication administration?
Parenteral drug administration means
any non-oral means of administration
, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes.
What are the five stages of disease?
The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include
the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods
(Figure 2).
What are the four routes of parenteral administration?
- Subcutaneous (under the skin)
- Intramuscular (in a muscle)
- Intravenous (in a vein)
- Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)
What does parenteral mean literally?
:
situated or occurring outside the intestine especially
: introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines. Other Words from parenteral Example Sentences Learn More About parenteral.
What is parenteral drug delivery?
Parenteral delivery is defined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as
drug administration by injection, infusion, and implantation or by some other route other than the alimentary canal
.
What are the main routes infection can enter the body?
- Body fluids – A body fluid e.g. blood, urine, pus, saliva from one person enters the body of another e.g. through cuts or other means such as sexual intercourse (e.g. syphilis, HIV etc.). …
- Through the air – e.g. tuberculosis.
What is the most common route of infection?
Contact
is the most frequent mode of transmission of health care associated infections and can be divided into: direct and indirect. An example of contact transmitted microorganisms is Noroviruses which are responsible for many gastrointestinal infections.
What diseases are carried in body fluids?
- hepatitis B – blood, saliva, semen and vaginal fluids.
- hepatitis C – blood.
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection – blood, semen and vaginal fluids, breastmilk.
- cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – saliva, semen and vaginal fluids, urine, etc.
