Specific defense: the
adaptive immune system
. When pathogens are able to bypass innate immune defenses, the adaptive immune system is activated. Cells that belong in the body carry specific markers that identify them as “self” and tell the immune system not to attack them.
What is an example of a specific defense?
There are two types of specific defense. These include
cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity
. Cell-mediated immunity occurs when T-lymphocytes (T-cells) become activated by exposure to pathogens. Activated T-cells then attack pathogens directly.
What is specific and non specific defense?
Immunity from disease is actually conferred by two cooperative defense systems, called nonspecific,
innate immunity
and specific, acquired immunity. Nonspecific protective mechanisms repel all microorganisms equally, while the specific immune responses are tailored to particular types of invaders.
What are non specific immune defense?
Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the
defense system with which you were born
. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity involves barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response.
What are 2 types of nonspecific immunity?
there are two types: nonspecific,
innate immunity and specific, acquired immunity
. Innate immunity, with which an organism is born, involves protective factors, such as interferon, and cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and natural killer cells, and its action does not depend on prior exposure to a pathogen.
What are two types of specific immunity?
There are two types of immunity:
active and passive
.
Which line of defense is most important?
The third line of defense
is most important because it involves the cells and proteins of adaptive immunity, responding directly to specific antigens. All three lines of defense depend on each other to function properly and no single line is more important than the other.
Is mucus a specific defense?
The mucus layer forms a physical barrier that entraps foreign particles and carries them out of the body; it also contains
nonspecific inhibitors
(see following section). The mucus barrier is not absolute, however, since sufficient quantities of many viruses can overwhelm it and infect by this route.
What is the 1st 2nd and 3rd line of defense?
In the Three Lines of Defense model,
management control is the first line of defense in risk
management, the various risk control and compliance over- sight functions established by management are the second line of defense, and independent assurance is the third.
What are 5 examples of nonspecific immunity?
NON SPECIFIC DEFENSES:
Skin and Mucous membranes
, antimicrobial chemicals, natural killer cells, phagocytosis, inflammation and fever.
What is the difference between a specific and nonspecific immune response?
Nonspecific protective mechanisms repel all microorganisms equally
, while the specific immune responses are tailored to particular types of invaders. … These immune mechanisms also help eliminate abnormal cells of the body that can develop into cancer.
What are three types of nonspecific immunity?
These specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity. Humans have three types of immunity —
innate, adaptive, and passive
: Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection.
What are non specific cells called?
A non-specific immune cell is
an immune cell
(such as a macrophage, neutrophil, or dendritic cell) that responds to many antigens, not just one antigen. Non-specific immune cells function in the first line of defense against infection or injury.
What is the first line of defense?
The first line of defence is your innate immune system. Level one of this system consists of physical barriers like
your skin and the mucosal lining in your respiratory tract
. The tears, sweat, saliva and mucous produced by the skin and mucosal lining are part of that physical barrier, too.
What is specific immune system?
The adaptive (specific) immune system makes
antibodies and uses them to specifically fight certain germs that the body has previously come into contact with
. This is also known as an “acquired” (learned) or specific immune response.
What are examples of specific immunity?
For example, exposure to one virus (e.g., varicella-zoster virus) will not provide protection against other viral diseases (e.g., measles, mumps, or polio). Adaptive specific immunity involves the actions of two distinct cell types:
B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells)
.
