For these patients, parenteral preparations can be
a means of effective drug delivery
. Further, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract can provide an immediate physiological response and complete systemic circula- tion of a drug, resulting in increased serum concentration of the drug.
What is the advantage of taking a drug intravenously?
An advantage of IV administration is
the ability to rapidly titrate the dosage to achieve the desired depth of sedation
. Depending on patient need, sedation can vary from light to profound and nearly all patients can be adequately sedated with this method.
Which of the following is an advantage to giving a drug by a parenteral route?
Advantages of Parenteral Route of Administration:
Rapid absorption and faster onset of action of the drug
.
The medication bypasses the liver first pass effect
.
No risk of degradation of the drug by digestive juices
. Suitable for unconscious patients.
Which of the following would be an advantage of the parenteral route of administration?
Parenteral Administration
The intravenous route of administration bypasses the ab-sorption step, resulting in 100% bioavailability. Another advantage is
the rapid onset of action
. These routes of drug administration may not always be viable because of inconvenience and cost.
What is Parenteral Drug Administration?
Parenteral drug administration can be taken literally to mean any non-oral means of drug administration, but it is generally interpreted as
relating to injection directly into the body, by-passing the skin and mucous membranes
. The common routes of parenteral administration are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous and IV.
What are the complications of injection?
- severe pain at the injection site.
- tingling or numbness.
- redness, swelling, or warmth at the injection site.
- drainage at the injection site.
- prolonged bleeding.
- signs of an allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or facial swelling.
What drugs Cannot be given intravenously?
The most common medications not provided in ready-to-administer syringes include:
Antiemetics Antibiotics with short stability Metoprolol Antipsychotics Opioids Furosemide Benzodiazepines Pantoprazole
These medications are available in a prefilled syringe, however supply has been limited.
What are the disadvantages of parenteral drug administration?
Disadvantages of parenteral preparations to the patient include
lack of drug reversal, risk of infection and emboli, risk of hypersensitivity reactions, and cost
.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral drug administration?
- Can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed, inactive or ineffective if given orally.
- The IV route provides immediate onset of action.
- The intramuscular and subcutaneous routes can be used to achieve slow or delayed onset of action.
- Patient concordance problems can be avoided.
What are the four routes of parenteral administration?
- Subcutaneous (under the skin)
- Intramuscular (in a muscle)
- Intravenous (in a vein)
- Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)
Is IV faster than IM?
IV drug administration achieves high plasma concentrations rapidly in plasma and tissues. Muscles are very vascular structures, and IM absorption occurs by drug diffusion from interstitial fluid and capillary membranes into plasma, and so
onset of action is longer than IV injection
.
What are the routes of parenteral administration?
- Subcutaneous (under the skin)
- Intramuscular (in a muscle)
- Intravenous (in a vein)
- Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)
How does route of administration affect drug action?
Since the
bioavailability
of a drug is directly dependent on the rate and extent of drug absorption at the site of administration, factors affecting drug absorption, including the route of administration directly affect the bioavailability of that drug.
How are drugs categorized?
Drugs can be categorized
based upon their effects on users
. There are essentially seven different drug types, each with its own set of characteristics, effects and dangers. Categories include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, dissociatives, opioids, inhalants and cannabis.
What are the 4 basic rules for medication administration?
The “rights” of medication administration include
right patient, right drug, right time, right route, and right dose
. These rights are critical for nurses.
What are the methods of parenteral drug administration?
Parenteral medications enter the
body by injection through the tissue and circulatory system
. Injection medications are absorbed more quickly and are used with patients who are nauseated, vomiting, restricted from taking oral fluids, or unable to swallow.
