When a person uses information stored in their memory it is necessary that the information is accessible. ... Examples of the use of the encoding specificity principle include; studying in the same room as an exam is taken and the recall of information when intoxicated being easier when intoxicated again .
What is an example of encoding in psychology?
Memory encoding converts the perceived item or event into a construct that can be stored and recalled later from the brain. For example, when we see a new object, such as a word, our retina sends the visual signal to the brain through the optic nerve.
What is meant by encoding specificity?
The encoding specificity principle shows that memories are linked to the context in which they are created . It states that it’s easier to recall information when you are in the same context in which you memorized or studied it.
What are encoding cues?
Good encoding techniques include relating new information to what one already knows, forming mental images , and creating associations among information that needs to be remembered. The key to good retrieval is developing effective cues that will lead the rememberer back to the encoded information.
What does tulving’s 1979 encoding specificity principle?
Encoding specificity principle:
Basically this is the idea that a cue or clue to a memory needs to be present when the material is learned (encoded) and when it is recalled or retrieved . Tulving (1979), found that the closer the cue to the target word the better our recall.
Which is the best example of encoding specificity?
Examples of the use of the encoding specificity principle include; studying in the same room as an exam is taken and the recall of information when intoxicated being easier when intoxicated again.
What is reconsolidation in psychology?
n. the neurobiological stabilization of a reactivated memory . Research suggests that reconsolidation is necessary each time a memory is reactivated and that, prior to reconsolidation, the memory is unstable and susceptible to being changed or lost.
What is encoding with example?
For example, you may realize you’re hungry and encode the following message to send to your roommate: “ I’m hungry . Do you want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate receives the message, they decode your communication and turn it back into thoughts to make meaning.
What is encoding and its types?
Encoding is the process of converting data from one form to another . ... There are several types of encoding, including image encoding, audio and video encoding, and character encoding. Media files are often encoded to save disk space.
What are the 4 types of memory?
- working memory.
- sensory memory.
- short-term memory.
- long-term memory.
What are the best retrieval cues?
Good quality retrieval cues often have: (i) constructability (cues generated at encoding can be reliably reproduced at recall); (ii) consistency between encoding and retrieval within a given context (i.e., an effective retrieval cue should be compatible with the memory trace created during encoding and show high cue- ...
What is an example of visual encoding?
Visual Encoding refers to the process by which we remember visual images . For example, if you are presented a list of words, each shown for one second, you would be able to remember if there was a word that was written in all capital letters, or if there was a word written in italics.
What are retrieval cues examples?
A Retrieval Cue is a prompt that help us remember . When we make a new memory, we include certain information about the situation that act as triggers to access the memory. For example, when someone is introduced to us at a party, we don’t only store the name and appearance of the new acquaintance in our memory.
What is state dependent memory example?
State-dependent memory refers to improved recall of specific episodes or information when cues relating to emotional and physical state are the same during encoding and retrieval. ... For example, a person may be alert, tired, happy, sad, drunk or sober when the information was encoded.
What is the outshining principle?
Accordingly, the outshining principle predicts that the probability of context-dependent recognition will decrease both with study time and with the meaningfulness of the materials . This prediction is consistent with the trends confirmed by the present and previous studies.
What is proactive interference example?
Definition. Proactive interference refers to the interference effect of previously learned materials on the acquisition and retrieval of newer materials. An example of proactive interference in everyday life would be a difficulty in remembering a friend’s new phone number after having previously learned the old number .
