Psychosocial development involves changes not only in children’s overt behavior but also in their social cognition. For example, they
become able to take the perspective of others and to understand
that other people’s behavior is based on their knowledge and desires.
Psychosocial development is just a fancy phrase that refers to
how a person’s individual needs (psycho) mesh with the needs or demands of society (social)
. According to Erikson, a person passes through eight developmental stages that build on each other. At each stage we face a crisis.
Early childhood is
a time of forming an initial sense of self
. A self-concept or idea of who we are, what we are capable of doing, and how we think and feel is a social process that involves taking into consideration how others view us.
- Overview.
- Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust.
- Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
- Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt.
- Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority.
- Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion.
- Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation.
- Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation.
The most important psychological and psychosocial changes in puberty and early adolescence are the emergence of
abstract thinking, the growing ability of absorbing the perspectives or viewpoints of others
, an increased ability of introspection, the development of personal and sexual identity, the establishment of a …
Erikson
maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages
of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
Examples of psychosocial factors include
social support, loneliness, marriage status, social disruption, bereavement, work environment, social status, and social integration
.
Psychosocial development of middle childhood focuses
on peer relationship
. Children at this age conform readily to the peer group norms in order to win social acceptance. They seek acceptance both from elders and peer group by their ability to produce socially valued outputs.
The psychosocial aspects of depression are considered with
respect to psychological factors
(i.e., thinking, personality, coping style) and social factors (i.e., family, relationships, employment, life events).
Who is Erik Erikson and what did he do?
Erik Erikson was a 20th century psychologist who
developed the theory of psychosocial development and the concept of an identity crisis
.
How is Erik Erikson’s theory used today?
Erikson’s theory is still relevant today as it was when it was first developed over seven decades ago. In fact, the theory is even more relevant today,
given the increasing pressures on family life and relationships
, as well as the quest for personal development and fulfillment in life.
adj.
describing the intersection and interaction of social, cultural, and environmental influences on the mind and behavior
.
What are the 7 stages of development?
There are seven stages a human moves through during his or her life span. These stages include
infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age
.
In each stage, Erikson believed people experience
a conflict
that serves as a turning point in development. … If people successfully deal with the conflict, they emerge from the stage with psychological strengths that will serve them well for the rest of their life.
American Psychological Association: “Erikson’s
eight stages
of psychosocial development,” “Identity vs. identity confusion,” “Industry vs. inferiority,” “Initiative vs. guilt.”
What is an example of industry vs inferiority?
During the industry versus inferiority stage,
children become capable of performing increasingly complex tasks
. As a result, they strive to master new skills. Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their abilities.
What Does Psychosocial Skills Training Mean? Psychosocial skills training refers to
a set of methods and practices used to assist individuals with psychological or emotional problems or disorders
that affect their ability to interact in a socially appropriate manner.
This includes
creativity and imagination, expression and self-confidence, concentration
, as well as emotional awareness and empathy. Some of the activities are meditative and relaxing, while others are exciting games.
Psychosocial treatments (interventions) include
structured counseling, motivational enhancement, case management, care-coordination, psychotherapy and relapse prevention
.
Information gathered includes areas related
to your psychological or mental health
, your social history and many other factors such as health, employment, finances, education, religion, stress and support network, including friends and family, according to Loyola University.
- Love your child and show your affection for them. …
- Encourage your child to try new things. …
- Give your child opportunities to play with other children their age. …
- Show your feelings. …
- Establish daily routines. …
- Acknowledge your child’s feelings.
The individual and contextual factors, such as the family’s socioeconomic status (SES),
parenting stress
, and other environmental exposures, may influence children’s emotional and behavioral difficulties [4]. Family climate has a significant impact in predicting behavior difficulties in children.
Major psychosocial issues included
family problems, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, sexual abuse, and violence
.
Psychosocial impact is defined as
the effect caused by environmental and/or biological factors on individual’s social and/or psychological aspects
. Several psychiatric disorders may affect psychological and social aspects of individual’s lives.
- Tell yourself something positive. …
- Write down something you are grateful for. …
- Focus on one thing (in the moment). …
- Exercise. …
- Eat a good meal. …
- Open up to someone. …
- Do something for someone else. …
- Take a break.
What is epigenetic principle?
Epigenetic principle states
that we develop through an unfolding of our personalities in eight stages
. Progress in each stage is partly determined by sucesses-or lack of-in previous stages. At each stage of development, there are associated developmental tasks.
What are the 5 theories of development?
- Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory.
- Bowlby’s Attachment Theory.
- Freud’s Psychosexual Developmental Theory.
- Bandura’s Social Learning Theory.
- Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory.
- Which Theory of Child Development is Right?
How did Erikson differ from Freud?
Freud’s psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of basic needs and biological forces, while Erikson’s psychosocial theory is based upon social and environmental factors. … Erikson also
expands his theory into adulthood
, while Freud’s theory ends at an earlier period.
How do you apply Erikson’s theory to the classroom?
Provide a portion of the day when children can choose their own activities.
Have a classroom library
where children can pick their own books during reading time. This allows children the opportunity to learn how to make decisions for themselves. Break instruction and activities down into small steps.
What are the three stages of psychology?
According to U.S. psychologists Paul Morris Fitts (1912–1965) and Michael I. Posner (1936– ), the stages are cognitive
(understanding what needs to be done and how to do it), associative (improvement through practice and feedback), and autonomous (automatic performance)
.
What are the five types of development?
Physical, intellectual, social, emotional, and moral
.
Why is Erik Erikson important in child development?
Child psychoanalyst Erik Homburger Erikson focused
his research on the effects of society and culture on individual psychological development
; he also developed the eight-stage model of human development. Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany, of Danish parents who had separated before his birth.
Examples of psychosocial stressors include
divorce, the death of a child, prolonged illness, unwanted change of residence
, a natural catastrophe, or a highly competitive work situation.
Trust versus mistrust
is the earliest psychosocial stage that occurs during the first year or so of a child’s life. During this critical phase of development, an infant is utterly dependent upon his or her caregivers.
Psychosocial theories focus on
the nature of self-understanding, social relationships, and the mental processes that support connections between the person
and his/her social world. … Psychosocial theories explore the psychosocial crisis of adolescence, personal identity vs identity confusion.
The central theme of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory is that
people’s egos and personalities require development through a series of eight stages
…
