Intraosseous infusion (IO) is used in pediatric populations during anesthesia when other intravenous access, central venous catherization or venous cutdown, are difficult to use or cannot be used. When individuals are severely ill and are in need of “rapid, efficient, and safe delivery of drugs”, IO is used.
What is the difference between IV and IO?
Intraosseous (IO) parenteral access is relatively fast and easy to obtain, whereas intravenous (IV) access can be difficult . IO access is currently recommended as an option for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) when IV access cannot be immediately obtained.
How painful is an IO?
7 Extreme Pain: Although IO insertion looks painful, when inserted with a drill device, it is reported to be no more painful than an insertion of an 18g IV cathlon . There have been reports of increased pain with high-pressure infusions in conscious patients related to stimulation of pressure sensors within the bone.
Is an IO a central line?
IO techniques have fewer serious complications than central lines , and they can be performed much faster than central or peripheral lines when vascular collapse is present. IO insertion is recognized to be both safe and effective in all children and adults.
When is IO preferred over IV?
Intraosseous infusion is indicated in emergency situations when life-saving fluids or drugs should be administered and IV cannulation is difficult, impossible or too time-consuming to perform. B. If a peripheral IV cannot be established after two attempts or within 60–90 seconds of elapsed time and in: C.
Is IO faster than IV?
IO lines are quicker to establish and have a higher first-attempt success rate compared to IV access. Rapid placement and ease of use minimizes delays for critical patients requiring quick access.
Why does flushing an IO hurt?
Although the insertion of the IO needle itself is described as no more painful than an 18 gauge intravenous cannula, administration of IO fluids and medication can rapidly increase cavity pressure . This may become uncomfortable or painful and can restrict attempts at providing effective resuscitation.
What drugs can you give intraosseous?
While all resuscitation drugs can be given by the IO route, administration of ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, phenytoin, tobramycin, and vancomycin may result in lower peak serum concentrations. The most common adverse effect seen with IO use, extravasation, has been reported in 12% of patients.
How long can an IO needle stay in?
The intraosseous needle may remain in situ for 72 to 96 hours , but it is best removed within 6 to 12 hours, as soon as an alternative site of intravascular access has been established. The intraosseous route provides fast and reliable vascular access in emergency medical situations.
What is IV IO access?
Intraosseous (IO) cannulation or IO access is a rapid method to administer medications through the bone marrow cavity in a critically ill or an injured patient . The medicines reach blood circulation directly from the bone marrow cavity. The procedure is both safe and effective in children and adults.
Can nurses insert intraosseous?
RN’s, physicians or EMT-P’s may insert an IO device after they have completed instruction with clinical supervision . An order must be received to by a physician for a RN or EMT-P to insert an IO. 3. ... RN must place the IV fluid bag on either a pressure bag or use an IV pump for infusion.
What Cannot be given via IO?
Contraindications to IO insertion include fracture at or proximal to the insertion site , cellulitis or other infection overlying the insertion site, prior attempt at the insertion site, or bone disease such as osteogenesis imperfecta or osteopetrosis.
Why would you need an IO?
The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not available or not feasible. ... Intraosseous infusions are used when people have compromised intravenous access and need immediate delivery of life-saving fluids and medications.
How do I know if Io is correct?
A properly placed IO line must be through the cortex of the bone and situated within the marrow cavity. Standard methods for confirmation of IO placement include aspiration of bone marrow, firm placement of the IO needle into the bone, and no evidence of extravasation .
Can you run Levophed through an IO?
Administration through IO in the leg is permitted . : In the setting of tachydysrhythmia-induced cardiogenic shock, treat per Unstable Tachycardia protocol.
What gauge are IO needles?
EZ-IO Set Components: Needle: 15 gauge .
