Hitchens has phrased the razor in writing as “What can be asserted without evidence can also be dismissed without evidence.” It implies that
the burden of proof regarding the truthfulness of a claim lies with the one who makes the claim
; if this burden is not met, then the claim is unfounded, and its opponents need not …
What is a claim without evidence?
It is an affirmation that that those making the claim have the burden of proof, and one doesn’t need to have evidence to dismiss the claim. … For example, if one claimed, without evidence,
that the earth was NOT flat
, this claim cannot be dismissed without evidence.
What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence means?
“That which can be asserted without evidence, can be dismissed without evidence.” Christopher Hitchens. It is not for a defendant to disprove an unproven case, but rather for the claimant to produce sufficient evidence to
support its allegation
.
What is razor in Occam’s Razor?
In philosophy, a razor is a principle or rule of thumb that allows one to eliminate (“shave off”) unlikely explanations for a phenomenon, or avoid unnecessary actions. … Occam’s razor: Simpler explanations are more likely to be correct;
avoid unnecessary or improbable assumptions
.
Do Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence?
The answer: No.
Carl Sagan is credited
with popularizing the dictum “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence” during an episode of his groundbreaking TV series Cosmos. … In the extreme case, if you know nothing, then everything is an extraordinary claim.
How does burden of proof work?
In a civil lawsuit, the burden of proof
rests on the plaintiff or the person filing the suit
. The plaintiff should prove that the allegations are true and that the defendant, or the other party, caused damages. When it comes to establishing a civil case, the plaintiff must usually do so by a preponderance of evidence.
What is the burden of proof fallacy?
It is a fallacy to claim that X exists unless you prove that there is no X. … If a person claims that X exists and is real then the burden is
on that person to supply some support for that claim
, some evidence or proof that others can and should examine before accepting it.
Is Occam’s razor valid?
It has been suggested that Occam’s razor is
a widely accepted example
of extraevidential consideration, even though it is entirely a metaphysical assumption. There is little empirical evidence that the world is actually simple or that simple accounts are more likely to be true than complex ones.
What is Occam’s razor example?
Examples of Occam’s razor
“
You have a headache?”
, “Oh no… you might have the Black Death!” Sure, it’s true that one of the symptoms of the Black Death is a headache but, using Occam’s razor, it’s obviously much more likely that you’re dehydrated or suffering from a common cold.
What’s the opposite of Occam’s razor?
Occam’s Duct Tape
: the opposite of Occam’s razor: an approach to problems with an absurd number of assumptions. Parsimony: the quality of being frugal with explanations. It suggests that ideas are usually connected in the simplest or most economically sound way possible.
What is meant by extraordinary evidence?
Hume precisely defined an extraordinary
claim as one that is directly contradicted by a massive amount of existing evidence
. For a claim to qualify as extraordinary there must exist overwhelming empirical data of the exact antithesis.
What is an example of an extraordinary claim?
Examples of ordinary and extraordinary claims
Conversely, saying that
I saw a herd of unicorns
would be considered an extraordinary claim, which requires much more substantial evidence in order to prove, since there is presently no credible evidence showing that unicorns exist.
Which of the following are valid generalizations about the differences between open and closed mindedness quizlet?
Which of the following are valid generalizations about the differences between open- and closed-mindedness?
Open-mindedness means following where the evidence leads
; closed-mindedness means refusing to examine one’s beliefs and points of view when there is compelling evidence contradicting them.
What are the 3 burdens of proof?
These three burdens of proof are:
the reasonable doubt standard, probable cause and reasonable suspicion
. This post describes each burden and identifies when they are required during the criminal justice process.
What is proof of allegation?
allegation Add to list Share. An allegation is an accusation, which is sometimes true and sometimes not. If you say your sister stole a candy bar but you don’t have any proof that she did it, you have made an allegation. In the legal system, an allegation is a
formal claim against someone
.
Who has to prove?
There are different standards in different circumstances. For example, in criminal cases, the burden of proving the defendant’s guilt is on the prosecution, and they must establish that fact beyond a reasonable doubt. In civil cases,
the plaintiff has the
burden of proving his case by a preponderance of the evidence.
