To be named as an author on a research output is meritorious. Authorship
signifies that an individual has made a significant contribution to the work and is accountable for it
. It also carries significant value for a researcher. It is therefore important that authorship is attributed accurately and responsibly.
Authors are generally defined as
persons who have contributed sufficiently to a scientific report to be listed on the byline of the published report
. Many journals provide guidelines on authorship in their instructions for authors.
To be named as an author on a research output is meritorious. Authorship
signifies that an individual has made a significant contribution to the work and is accountable for it
. It also carries significant value for a researcher. It is therefore important that authorship is attributed accurately and responsibly.
Authorship disputes
account for 2% to 11% of all disagreements in the scientific community
. [1] Most issues arise in case of multiple authors (defined as more than 2 authors per article). The number of authors per article may vary from 1 to many, it is most often the latter.
The 2004 criteria
12
state that authorship credit should be based on (1)
substantial contribution to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data
; (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (3) final approval of the version to be …
Why Authorship Matters
Authorship
confers credit and has important academic, social, and financial implications
. Authorship also implies responsibility and accountability for published work.
| writing production | genesis creation | generation composition | derivation origination | initiation invention |
|---|
What do you mean by publication?
:
the act or process of producing a book, magazine, etc
., and making it available to the public. : a book, magazine, etc., that has been printed and made available to the public. : the act of printing something (such as an article or photograph) in a magazine, newspaper, etc.
The first author should be that person who contributed most to the work, including writing of the manuscript. The sequence of authors should be determined by
the relative overall contributions to the manuscript
. It is common practice to have the senior author appear last, sometimes regardless of his or her contribution …
In the academic world, authorship and publication are
crucial measures used to determine the impact that researchers have on their discipline or field
.
What is falsification research?
Falsification:
Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented
in the research record.
A ghost author is
a person who has made a substantial contribution to the research or writing of a manuscript but is not named as an author
[2–4]. … A guest author is someone who is named as an author, but who did not contribute in a meaningful way to the design, research, analysis, or writing of a paper [2].
1 :
the profession of writing
. 2 : the source (such as the author) of a piece of writing, music, or art. 3 : the state or act of writing, creating, or causing.
What are research characteristics?
Features of Research.
Empirical – based on observations and experimentation on theories
. Systematic – follows orderly and sequential procedure. Controlled – all variables except those that are tested/experimented upon are kept constant. Employs hypothesis – guides the investigation process.
Traditionally, co-first authors are indicated by
an asterisk
and the order of the individuals is the decision of the PI. Once the paper is published, it appears in print as follows: co-Author 1*, co-Author 2*, Author 3, and Author 4.
Inappropriate authorship involves
both, undue credit to a non-contributor and no credit to a true contributor
. Many examples of both types of authorship issues have been documented.
