Lesson Summary. Just deserts is a theory which is designed to promote equality and fairness of sentencing for the imposition of a sentence. The principle behind just deserts is
that the punishment should fit the crime
. When such an instance occurs, it is said that the offender has received their ‘just deserts.
Which criminologist believed that criminals could be identified by observing the physical traits of offenders?
Among the first to apply Darwin’s findings to criminal behavior and criminals,
Lombroso
was an Italian criminologist and founder of the Italian School of positivist criminology. Lombroso rejected the established Classical School, which held that crime was a characteristic trait of human nature.
Which statement reflects that just deserts theory is concerned with the rights of the accused?
Which statement reflects that just desserts theory is concerned with the rights of the accused?
The offender should not be treated as more or less blameworthy than is warranted by the character of his or her offense.
When an effort to prevent one crime has the unintended consequences of preventing other crimes What is it referred to as?
When an effort to prevent one crime has the unintended consequences of preventing other crimes, this is referred to as:
diffusion of benefits
.
Which theory holds that crime is a function of one’s inability to achieve personal goals such as earning money owning a home having a nice car because society fails to provide legitimate opportunities?
The theory that holds that crime is a function of one’s inability to achieve personal goals (such as earning money, owning a home, having a nice car) because society is stratified by socioeconomic class is called: d
. strain theory
.
What is utilitarian theory of punishment?
The utilitarian theory of punishment
seeks to punish offenders to discourage, or “deter,” future wrongdoing
. The retributive theory seeks to punish offenders because they deserve to be punished. Under the utilitarian philosophy, laws should be used to maximize the happiness of society.
What is the concept of desert?
Desert is
a normative concept that is used in day-to-day life
. Many believe that being treated as one deserves to be treated is a matter of justice, fairness, or rightness. … According to some theories, desert is an important component of justice. Yet according to other theories, it has little or no role in justice.
Who is the mother of all criminals?
| Old Mother Hubbard | Other names Margaret Young Margaret Haskins | Occupation Criminal |
|---|
What is atavism theory?
Cesare Lombroso’s atavism theory argues
that criminals are primitive savages who are evolutionarily backward compared to normal citizens
. According to Lombroso, born criminals possess an array of stigmata or markers that may be considered putative evidence of their criminality.
What is Lombroso’s theory?
Lombroso’s (1876) theory of criminology suggests that
criminality is inherited and that someone “born criminal” could be identified by the way they look
. … This implies that criminality is inherited and that it can be identified by physical defects.
What are four methods of crime prevention?
four major prevention strategies:
law enforcement, and developmental, community, and situational prevention
.
What is secondary prevention in crime?
Secondary prevention uses
intervention techniques that are directed at youth who are at high risk to commit crime
, and especially focus on youth who drop out of school or get involved in gangs. It targets social programs and law enforcement at neighborhoods where crime rates are high.
What are the 3 elements of crime?
It is generally agreed that the essential ingredients of any crime are
(1) a voluntary act or omission (actus reus), accompanied by (2) a certain state of mind (mens rea)
. An act may be any kind of voluntary human behaviour.
Which of the following is an example of anomie?
For example,
if society does not provide enough jobs that pay a living wage so that people can work to survive, many will turn to criminal methods of earning a living
. So for Merton, deviance, and crime are, in large part, a result of anomie, a state of social disorder.
What is an example of anomie?
Greater emphasis on ends rather than means creates a stress that leads to a breakdown in the regulatory structure—i.e., anomie. If, for example,
a society impelled its members to acquire wealth yet offered inadequate means for them to do
so, the strain would cause many people to violate norms.
What is classical strain theory?
Classical strain theory predicts that
deviance is more likely to occur if one’s culturally determined aspirations for monetary success
and the opportunity to achieve that success are not congruent.
