The restricted code is
suitable for insiders who share assumptions and understanding on the topic
, whereas the elaborated code does not assume that the listener shares these assumptions or understandings, and thus elaborated code is more explicit, more thorough, and does not require the listener to read between the …
What is restricted code?
A concept introduced by the English sociologist Basil Bernstein (1924–2000) to denote an
informal use of language
, linked to immediate situations (context bound), with a reduced semantic and syntactic range, supposedly characteristic of lower-working-class speakers, in contrast to middle-class speakers who have access …
What is elaborated code in sociology?
noun Sociolinguistics.
a style of language use associated with formal situations and characterized by explicitness
, lack of dependence on the external context, syntactic complexity, and individuality of expression. Compare code (def.
What’s elaborated code?
Definition of ‘elaborated code’
Elaborated codes have
a longer, more complicated sentence structure that utilizes uncommon words and thoughts
.
What is restricted speech code sociology?
Restricted speech code is
a kind of shorthand speech
, which Bernstein claimed is used by the working class and in more generality by married couples. This can involve not finishing sentences properly as there is a mutual understanding between the people having the conversation.
Who holds the restricted code according to Bernstein?
According to Bernstein (1971),
a working class person
communicates in restricted code as a result of the conditions in which they were raised and the socialisation process. The same is true for the middle class person with the exception that they were exposed to the elaborated code as well.
What is restricted language?
A reduced form of a LANGUAGE
: ‘Some REGISTERS are extremely restricted in purpose. They thus employ only a limited number of formal items and patterns [and] are known as restricted languages’ ( M. A. K. Halliday et al., The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching, 1964).
Who uses elaborated code?
This is the code used in education, by
teachers and in textbooks and examination papers
. As such, this gives middle-class pupils an advantage.
What is a language code Bernstein?
In his theory, Bernstein makes a direct correlation between societal class and language. … The
code that a person uses indeed symbolizes their social identity
(Bernstein, 1971). The two types of language codes are the elaborated code and the restricted code.
What is immediate gratification sociology?
Term. IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION. Definition.
Wanting the results/rewards of something straightaway
.
What did Basil Bernstein Find out about speech codes?
Bernstein looked at the role of language and its affects in educational success. Bernstein argued there are two types of language use, what he termed
elaborated and restricted codes
. Bernstein stressed how the language used in schools is mainly that of the elaborated code which is used by the middle-classes.
What is working class subculture?
The content of working-class subculture is sometimes derived
from observation
. It is a contrast to the behaviour of many members of the middle-class that aspects of the working-class behaviour appear to be directed by the attitudes, norms and values outlined above. Working-class may be realistic instead of fatalistic.
What is the relationship between language society and sociolinguistics?
Sociolinguistics is the study of the connection between language and society and the
way people use language in different social situations
.
How does restricted speech code cause underachievement?
The restricted code is used mainly by working class and may lead to underachievement because
it uses limited vocabulary and simple short sentences
, this makes working class pupils disadvantaged, as teachers, books and exams use the elaborated speech code typically used by the middle class.
What is the cultural deprivation theory?
Cultural deprivation is a
theory in sociology where a person has inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge
. The theory states that people of lower social classes experience cultural deprivation compared with those above and that this disadvantages them, as a result of which the gap between classes increases.
What does material deprivation mean?
Material deprivation refers to
a state of economic strain and durables
, defined as the enforced inability (rather than the choice not to do so) to pay unexpected expenses, afford a one-week annual holiday away from home, a meal involving meat, chicken or fish every second day, the adequate heating of a dwelling, …
