A problem is “hard” if it requires (
or we think it requires
) “large” computational resources to solve, and “easy” if it doesn’t. “Large” depends on context but, in most contexts, a problem that can be solved in polynomial time is considered “easy”.
What is the hard problem psychology?
The hard problem of consciousness is
the problem of explaining why any physical state is conscious rather than nonconscious
. It is the problem of explaining why there is “something it is like” for a subject in conscious experience, why conscious mental states “light up” and directly appear to the subject.
What is the hard problem in science?
The hard problem of consciousness (Chalmers 1995) is
the problem of explaining the relationship between physical phenomena, such as brain processes, and experience
(i.e., phenomenal consciousness, or mental states/events with phenomenal qualities or qualia).
Who proposed the hard problem of consciousness?
1. The hard question is not the hard problem.
David Chalmers
(‘Facing up to the hard problem of consciousness’ [1]) focused the attention of people researching consciousness by drawing a distinction between the ‘easy’ problems of consciousness, and what he memorably dubbed the hard problem.
Is the hard problem of consciousness universal?
It is by no means obvious that problem intuitions are universal in this way. But it is also not obvious that they are not, and the matter is worth studying. At the individual level, the most defensible universality thesis is perhaps source universality, which says that
the hard problem has a universal source
.
What is the Hornswoggle problem?
In fact, Patricia Churchland calls it the “hornswoggle problem”
because its main effect is to baffle us by making things seem harder than they are
. For philosophers like Dennett and the Churchlands, philosophy is subordinated to science.
What is a meta problem?
The meta-problem is
the problem of explaining why we think consciousness poses a hard problem
, or in other terms, the prob- lem of explaining why we think consciousness is hard to explain.
What is the problem of qualia?
ineffable – they cannot be communicated, or apprehended by any means other than direct experience. intrinsic – they are non-relational properties, which do not change depending on the experience’s relation to other things. private – all interpersonal comparisons of qualia
are systematically impossible
.
What is the problem of personal identity?
In philosophy, the problem of personal identity is
concerned with how one is able to identify a single person over a time interval
, dealing with such questions as, “What makes it true that a person at one time is the same thing as a person at another time?” or “What kinds of things are we persons?”
What is Jackson’s knowledge argument?
The knowledge argument against physicalism centers on the claim that complete physical knowledge does not enable knowledge of consciousness. … Jackson
argues that Mary knows all the physical facts but not all the facts about color experience
, so some facts about color experience are not physical facts.
What are the easy problems of consciousness?
To address the question of the hard problem, or how and why physical processes give rise to experience, Dennett states that the phenomenon of having experience is nothing more than
the performance of functions or the production of behavior
, which can also be referred to as the easy problems of consciousness.
Who created Panpsychism?
Panpsychism is the view that all things have a mind or a mind-like quality. The word itself was coined by
the Italian philosopher Francesco Patrizi
in the sixteenth century, and derives from the two Greek words pan (all) and psyche (soul or mind).
What does full consciousness mean?
the state of being conscious
; awareness of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, surroundings, etc. … full activity of the mind and senses, as in waking life: to regain consciousness after fainting.
What is the hard problem of consciousness quizlet?
What is the hard problem of consciousness? The hard problem of consciousness is
experience
. Basically, our common-sense gained from the experience of our cognitive abilities and functions cannot be proved.
How does the conscious mind work?
In Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the conscious mind
consists of everything inside of our awareness
. 1 This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about in a rational way. … For example, the contents of the unconscious might spill into awareness in the form of dreams.
What exactly is the explanatory gap?
In philosophy of mind and consciousness, the explanatory gap is
the difficulty that physicalist theories have in explaining how physical properties give rise to the way things feel when they are experienced
. It is a term introduced by philosopher Joseph Levine.
