A principle that posits that
classical conditioning
is effective only when the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are contiguous (i.e. follow one another closely in time).
What is an example of contiguity?
In cognitive science, association by contiguity is the principle that ideas, memories, and experiences are linked when one is frequently experienced with the other. For example,
if you constantly see a knife and a fork together they become linked (associated)
.
What is the principle of contiguity in psychology?
Theory of contiguity, psychological theory of learning which
emphasizes that the only condition necessary for the association of stimuli and responses is that there be a close temporal relationship between them.
What is contiguity theory?
a theory stating that
if a pattern of stimulation and a response occur together in time and space, learning occurs by the formation of associations between them
, so that the same stimulus pattern will elicit the same response on subsequent occasions.
Who stated the contiguity principle?
Simply stated, the contiguity principle is “align words to corresponding graphics” (
Clark & Mayer
, 2011). This means that a graphic that is the major subject of text should not be physically separated from the text.
What is the difference between continuity and contiguity?
is that
continuity is lack of interruption or disconnection
; the quality of being continuous in space or time while contiguity is a state in which two or more physical objects are physically touching one another or in which sections of a plane border on one another.
What is the concept of proximity?
In social psychology, the proximity principle suggests that
people closer together in a physical environment are more likely to form a relationship than those farther away
.
What is the coherence principle?
Coherence Principle:
People learn better when extraneous material is excluded rather than included
.
How do you use contiguity in a sentence?
People need to touch the facts, and nearness in time is contiguity
. There was contiguity but not much sociability in our neighborhood. The relation between God and man is a relation of contiguity.
What are the four laws of association?
Definition: Aristotle’s analysis of learning memory includes four laws of association:
the laws of continguity, contrast, frequency and similarity
. Accounting for learning and memory in terms of such laws of association is called associationism.
What is Thorndike’s theory?
Thorndike’s principle suggests
that responses immediately followed by satisfaction will be more likely to recur
. The law of effect also suggests that behaviors followed by dissatisfaction or discomfort will become less likely to occur.
What is Tolman’s theory?
According to Tolman’s theory
of sign learning
, an organism learns by pursuing signs to a goal, i.e., learning is acquired through meaningful behavior. Tolman emphasized the organized aspect of learning: “The stimuli which are allowed in are not connected by just simple one-to-one switches to the outgoing responses.
What is Skinner’s theory of learning?
Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is
a function of change in overt behavior
. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. … When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond.
What are the two contiguity principles?
The two contiguity principles inform us that
people learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen
, and when corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively.
What is the segmenting principle?
Segmenting Principle:
People learn better when a multimedia message is presented in user-paced segments rather than as a
continuous unit.
What is temporal contiguity principle?
Temporal Contiguity Principle:
Students learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively
.
