Definition. Proactive interference refers to the interference effect of previously learned materials on the acquisition and retrieval of newer materials. An example of proactive interference in everyday life would be
a difficulty in remembering a friend’s new phone number after having previously learned the old number
.
What are some examples of proactive and retroactive interference?
Proactive and retroactive Interference is thought to be more likely to occur
where the memories are similar
, for example: confusing old and new telephone numbers. Chandler (1989) stated that students who study similar subjects at the same time often experience interference.
What’s an example of retroactive interference?
Retroactive Interference Examples
For example:
If you’re an actor and must learn a new monologue for a play, you may forget the previous monologue you learned for a different play
. Likewise, suppose you’re a communication major in college.
What do you mean by proactive interference?
Proactive interference is
when older memories interfere with the retrieval of newer memories
. Because older memories are often better rehearsed and more strongly cemented in long-term memory, it is often easier to recall previously learned information rather than more recent learning.
How does proactive interference work?
Proactive interference occurs
when past memories hold back an individual from retaining new memories
. Retroactive interference occurs when new memories hold back an individual from retaining old memories. Competition is what prevents recall of the memory in proactive interference.
What is interference in learning?
Interference occurs in learning. The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM)
are forgotten
and cannot be retrieved into short-term memory (STM) because either memory interferes, or hampers, the other. … There are two types of interference effects: proactive and retroactive interference.
What is an example of retrieval failure?
Memories cannot be recalled due to the lack of the right retrieval cues being used. … state an everyday example of retrieval failure.
needing a pen, going upstairs, and then forgetting what you were doing
. an example is of retrieval failure is, needing a pen, going upstairs, and then forgetting what you were doing.
What is an example of motivated forgetting?
Motivated forgetting is also defined as a form of conscious coping strategy. For instance, a
person might direct his/her mind towards unrelated topics when something reminds them of unpleasant events
.
What is reactive and proactive?
The definition of reactive and proactive is as follows:
Reactive : Reacting to the past rather than anticipating the future
.
Proactive: Acting before a situation becomes a source of confrontation or crisis
.
What is retrieval failure?
Retrieval Failure Theory
Retrieval failure is
where the information is in long term memory, but cannot be accessed
. Such information is said to be available (i.e. it is still stored) but not accessible (i.e. it cannot be retrieved). It cannot be accessed because the retrieval cues are not present.
What is episodic memory examples?
Episodic memory is a category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events, situations, and experiences.
Your memories of your first day of school, your first kiss, attending a friend’s birthday party
, and your brother’s graduation are all examples of episodic memories.
What are three processes involved in forgetting?
Passive forgetting (lower left of figure) is postulated to occur through at least three separate mechanisms: (1) loss of context cues across time that make retrieval difficult,
(2) interference during retrieval from other similar memories accumulated across time
, and (3) the “natural” decay of memory traces from the …
What are the two basic type of interference?
Constructive interference
: When the amplitude of the waves increases because of the wave amplitudes reinforcing each other is known as constructive interference. Destructive interference: When the amplitude of the waves reduces because of the wave amplitudes opposing each other is known as destructive interference.
What is interference effect?
Interference, in physics, the
net effect of the combination of two or more wave trains moving on intersecting or coincident paths
. The effect is that of the addition of the amplitudes of the individual waves at each point affected by more than one wave.
How can you tell the difference between proactive and retroactive interference?
The main difference between proactive and retroactive interference is that in
proactive interference, old memories interfere with new memories
, whereas in retroactive interference, new memories interfere with old memories. Interference theory explains why we forget things.
