| A B | Tendency for a person to be less likely to give aid if other people are present. Bystander effect | Tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. just-world phenomenon | Tendency to favor our own group. Ingroup bias |
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What phenomenon describes how people believe that most people get what they deserve and deserve what they get?
The just-world hypothesis or just-world fallacy
is the cognitive bias that assumes that “people get what they deserve” – that actions will have morally fair and fitting consequences for the actor.
What do you call the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve?
The just-world hypothesis
is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve (Lerner & Miller, 1978).
What is perception and fundamental attribution error theory?
The fundamental attribution error refers to
an individual’s tendency to attribute another’s actions to their character or personality
, while attributing their behavior to external situational factors outside of their control. … The fundamental attribution error exists because of how people perceive the world.
What is personality attribution?
Dispositional attribution
assigns the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic of a person
, rather than to outside forces. … For example, we attribute the behavior of a person to their personality, motives or beliefs.
What is cognitive dissonance example?
Cognitive dissonance causes feelings of unease and tension, and people attempt to relieve this discomfort in different ways. Examples include
“explaining things away” or rejecting new information that conflicts with their existing beliefs
.
What are the two major cognitive routes to persuasion?
There are two primary routes to persuasion.
The central route to persuasion uses
facts and information to persuade potential consumers. The peripheral route uses positive association with cues such as beauty, fame, and positive emotions.
Social loafing describes
the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group
. Because all members of the group are pooling their effort to achieve a common goal, each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible.
Is the tendency of people to believe that the world is fair and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get?
is a term referring to people’s tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve. Because people want to believe that the world is fair, they will look for ways to explain or rationalize away injustice – often by blaming the victim.
Why do people believe in a just-world?
A desire to minimize anxiety
.
Another possible explanation for the just-world phenomenon is that people want to reduce the anxiety that is caused by the world’s injustices. Believing that the individual is completely responsible for their misfortune, people are able to go on believing that the world is fair and just.
What are the two common attribution errors?
Attributions occur when people attempt to interpret or to find an explanation to understand why people behave in certain ways. Actor-observer discrepancy. Nonetheless, two of the most common attribution errors are
the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias.
What are the common attribution errors?
The fundamental attribution error is
the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others’ behavior
. … For example, in one study when something bad happened to someone else, subjects blamed that person’s behavior or personality 65% of the time.
How can you avoid the fundamental attribution error?
To avoid the fundamental attribution error, you should keep this bias in mind when judging others, and
use techniques
such as considering relevant past situations, coming up with multiple explanations for people’s behavior, and explaining the rationale behind your judgment; you can also use general debiasing techniques …
What is an example of attribution?
In an external, or situational, attribution, people infer that a person’s behavior is due to situational factors. Example:
Maria’s car breaks down on the freeway
. If she believes the breakdown happened because of her ignorance about cars, she is making an internal attribution.
What are the types of attribution?
- Interpersonal Attribution.
- Predictive Attribution.
- Explanatory Attribution.
- Correspondent Inference Theory.
- Heider’s “Common Sense” Theory.
- The Actor-Observer Bias.
- The Fundamental Attribution Error.
- Self-Serving Bias.
Why do we need affiliation?
A person with a high need for affiliation is
so motivated to build and maintain relationships with other people
that many of his or her thoughts, emotions, and actions are directed toward fulfilling this motivation.
