The biopsychosocial model of addiction
posits that biological/genetic, psychological, and sociocultural factors contribute to substance use and all must be taken into consideration in prevention and treatment efforts
.
What is the biological model of addiction?
Biological models of addiction emphasize
the importance of genetics and the biological forces of nature
. These theories suggest that brain chemistry, brain structure, and genetic abnormalities cause human behavior.
According to the biopsychosocial model, it is the deep interrelation of all three factors (
biological, psychological, social
) that leads to a given outcome—each component on its own is insufficient to lead definitively to health or illness.
The biopsychosocial model of addiction provides
a holistic, multifaceted conceptualization of the disorder
. Rather than one cause, numerous biological, psychological, and social factors increase or decrease the risk of addiction among individuals.
In the 1970s, the now famous
psychologist George L. Engel
came up with the biopsychosocial model of treatment. While many therapists were devoted to treating one particular aspect of a person’s mental struggles, he found it was best to treat people from all angles.
Biopsychosocial model helps
primary care doctors to understand interactions among biological and psychosocial components of illnesses
to improve the dyadic relationship between clinicians and their patients and multidisciplinary approaches in patient care.
An example of this is
someone with depression and liver problems
. Depression does not directly cause liver problems. However, someone with depression is more likely to abuse alcohol and so, therefore, could develop liver damage. The social component of the biopsychosocial method covers a wide range of social factors.
What are the four models of addiction?
The four C’s of addiction are a helpful tool in distinguishing between addiction as a mental health disorder demanding treatment and other types of addictive behaviors. The four C’s are
compulsion, cravings, consequences, and control
.
What are the three types of addiction?
Physical addictions can generally be grouped into three categories:
alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drugs
.
What are the five models of mental illness?
A Take-Home Message. There are several mental health theories, but they all come from one of five schools of thought. They are
behaviorism, biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, and humanistic
.
The new biopsychosocial disease model of alcoholism is examined from the perspective of recent biologic research. Studies of animal and human genetic predispositions suggest the presence of genetic influences over drinking behavior as well as biologic risk factors related to deficiencies in various neurochemicals.
Addiction is a
chronic disorder with biological, psychological, social and environmental factors
influencing its development and maintenance. About half the risk for addiction is genetic.
What are the psychological models of addiction?
There are a variety of psychological approaches to the explanation of drug dependence, including emphasis on
learning and conditioning (behavioural models)
, cognitive theories, pre-existing behavioural tendencies (personality theories), and models of rational choice.
What is the main cause of addiction?
Environment:
Exposure to addictive
substances, social pressure, lack of social support, and poor coping skills can also contribute to the development of addictions. Frequency and duration of use: The more someone uses a substance the more likely they will become addicted to it.
According to the biopsychosocial model, mental health is
the result of many forces occurring at different which have a cumulative effect on the individual
. These forces can be positive or negative. If the negatives outway the positives then a person could develop a mental illness.
The Biopsychosocial Model of health and illness as proposed by Engel. (1977) implies
that behaviours, thoughts and feelings may influence a
.
physical state
. He disputed the long-held assumption that only the. biological factors of health and disease are worthy of study and practice.
