By targeting each phonological process for a short and fixed amount of time and then cycling through other phonological processes, cycles approach
targets children who use a lot of error patterns in their speech and correct them
.
What is the cycles approach Asha?
The cycles approach
targets phonological pattern errors
and is designed for children with highly unintelligible speech who have extensive omissions, some substitutions, and a restricted use of consonants. Treatment is scheduled in cycles ranging from 5 to 16 weeks.
When was the cycles approach created?
The Cycles Approach (Hodson & Paden,
1983, 1991
) is an intervention method used with severe phonological disorders. The Cycles Approach (Hodson & Paden, 1983, 1991) addresses a child’s use of phonological processes by cyclically targeting affected sound classes.
Is cycles approach evidence based?
Conclusion: Considering the research studies over the past three decades, Cycles Approach can be considered as
an evidence-based treatment
and the therapists can apply it as an appropriate method to interfere with the speech sound disorders in children having moderate to severe phonological disorders.
What is Vowelization in speech therapy?
Vowelization is
the substitution of a vowel sound for a liquid (l, r) sound
(e.g. “bay-uh” for “bear”). Vowelization typically resolves by the age of 6. … Deaffrication is the substitution of a nonaffricate sound for an affricate (ch, j) sound (e.g. “ship” for “chip”).
Who is the cycles approach for?
Barbara Hodson and colleagues developed this process based on over 30 years of clinical practice and research on cognitive psychology and developmental phonology. The approach is specifically designed for
children with highly unintelligible speech
.
How do you set up a cycles approach?
- Review words from the last session.
- Auditory bombardment (1-2 minutes).
- Introduction of target words for the session (usually 5-6 words).
- Play games requiring the child to practice the target words.
- Probe for next session targets.
- Repeat auditory bombardment.
What is the Stimulability approach?
Traditionally, ‘stimulable’ has meant that
a consonant or vowel can be produced in isolation by a child
, in direct imitation of an auditory and visual model with or without instructions, cues, imagery, feedback and encouragement.
When should Deaffrication be eliminated?
| Assimilation (Consonant Harmony) One sound becomes the same or similar to another sound in the word | Process Description Likely Age of Elimination** | Gliding liquid (/r/, /l/) is replaced with a glide (/w/, /j/) 6–7 | Deaffrication affricate is replaced with a fricative 4 |
|---|
When do we use minimal pairs approach?
Who is it for? The Minimal Pairs Approach is suitable for
children with mild or moderate speech sound disorders
, with one or two phonological processes that are no longer age-appropriate. It can also be used with people who are looking to modify their accent.
What is the complexity approach?
Within a complexity approach,
targets are selected for treatment based on characteristics of the targets
(e.g., developmental norms, implicational universals) and characteristics of children’s knowledge of the targets (e.g., accuracy, stimulability).
What is maximal oppositions approach?
The maximal oppositions approach
pairs one sound that is known (i.e., used)
by the child and one sound that is unknown (i.e., not used) by the child in non-homonymous contrasts.
What is the multiple oppositions approach?
In a multiple opposition approach,
the child is confronted with several sounds simultaneously within a phoneme collapse
. The goal is then to induce multiple phonemic splits that have been previously collapsed in order to reduce the homonymy in the child’s system.
What is Epenthesis example?
The addition of an i before the t in speciality is an example. The
pronunciation of jewelry as ‘jewelery’
is a result of epenthesis, as is the pronunciation ‘contentuous’ for contentious. Other examples of epenthesis: the ubiquitous ‘relitor’ for realtor and that favorite of sports announcers, ‘athalete’ for athlete.
How do you correct fronting in a speech?
Tongue Depressor
: Use a tongue depressor to gently push down on the child’s front area of the tongue during production of /k/ and /g/ sounds. If a child is used to lifting up the tongue tip, you may feel some resistance.
How intelligible is a 3 year old?
At 3 years, a typical child is
80 percent intelligible
. At 4 years, a typical child is 90 to 100 percent intelligible.
