The levels of processing effect occurs because our brains find it easier to recall information that is encoded on a deep level.
Semantic encoding
is considered a deep level because it associates new information with existing emotions, ideas and knowledge, thereby creating a larger memory trace.
What is the deepest level of processing in memory?
Semantic processing
is the deepest level of processing according to this model. In semantic processing, additional meaning and related information is encoded at the same time. This leads to a very strong memory trace because of deep processing.
What is deep processing in memory?
Deep processing involves
elaboration rehearsal
which involves a more meaningful analysis (e.g. images, thinking, associations etc.) of information and leads to better recall. For example, giving words a meaning or linking them with previous knowledge.
What is the deepest level of information processing?
Semantic level
: This is the deepest level of processing where we consider the meaning of the word.
What are the 3 levels of processing?
The difference in how people attend to information forms the basis for Craik and Lockhart’s (1972) levels of processing model. Their theory proposes that humans undertake three levels of processing,
shallow intermediate or deep
, when dealing with verbal information.
Which is the shallowest level of processing?
During the shallower processing level (
perceptual processing
), the subject initially perceives the physical and sensory characteristics of the stimulus; the deepest level (semantic processing) is related to pattern recognition and extraction of meaning, with a greater emphasis on semantic analysis than in shallow …
What are the different levels of processing?
Perfetti (in Cermak & Craik, 1979, p159-180) extends the levels of processing framework to language comprehension. He proposes seven levels:
acoustic, phonology, syntactic, semantic, referential, thematic, and functional
.
What are the four parts of deep processing?
- Elaboration.
- Distinctiveness.
- Personal.
- Appropriate to Retrieval and Application.
What are some deep processing strategies?
- In class: focused attention, listening for something new, notes support understanding of material.
- Interpreting information – making it meaningful for you.
- Relating to prior knowledge.
- Creating a mental image.
- Preread assignments so that material in class makes sense, look for connections.
What is deeper cognitive processing?
cognitive processing of
a stimulus that focuses on its meaningful properties rather than its perceptual characteristics
. It is considered that processing at this semantic level, which usually involves a degree of elaboration, produces stronger, longer-lasting memories than shallow processing.
Why is deep processing better than surface processing?
Why is deep processing better than surface processing? You’
ll have a better ability to remember information in the future
. … Chunking makes it easier for your brain to remember smaller amounts of information. Retrieving information requires a purposeful effort to remember.
Can flashbulb memories be forgotten?
Evidence has shown that although people are highly confident in their memories,
the details of the memories can be forgotten
. Flashbulb memories are one type of autobiographical memory.
What is survival processing?
The survival processing effect describes
the phenomenon that memory for items is better after they have been processed
in the context of a fitness-related survival scenario as compared to alternative processing contexts.
What does bottom up processing begin with?
Bottom-up processing can be defined as sensory analysis that begins at the entry-level—with what our senses can detect. This form of processing begins with
sensory data
and goes up to the brain’s integration of this sensory information. … Bottom-up processing takes place as it happens.
What is surface level processing?
Surface-level processing is
the use of strategic and monitoring behavior related to the basic encoding of textual content
(i.e., ascertaining the nature of the problem at hand).
What is elaborative processing?
Elaborative rehearsal is
a way to more effectively memorize information and maintain it in your long-term memory
. By making associations between the new information you’re trying to learn and the information you already know, you’re making your brain process the information in a more in-depth way.
