Descriptive epidemiology emphasizes trends and rates of disease in a specific population and analytical epidemiology deals
in recognizing causes and prejudicing associated risks in disease development
.
What is analytical epidemiology?
Thus, analytic epidemiology is
concerned with the search for causes and effects
, or the why and the how. Epidemiologists use analytic epidemiology to quantify the association between exposures and outcomes and to test hypotheses about causal relationships.
What is the difference between descriptive and analytical studies?
Descriptive studies involve detailed investigations of individuals in order to improve knowledge of disease. Descriptive studies often have no prior hypotheses and are opportunistic studies of disease whereas analytical studies
are used to test hypotheses by selection and comparison of groups
.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Descriptive epidemiology is defined as
epidemiological studies and activities with descriptive components
that are much stronger than their analytic components or that fall within the descriptive area of the descriptive-analytic spectrum.
What is analytic epidemiological study?
Analytic epidemiologic studies
measure the association between a particular exposure and a disease
, using information collected from individuals, rather than from the aggregate population.
What are the three major types of epidemiological studies?
Three major types of epidemiologic studies are
cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies
(study designs are discussed in more detail in IOM, 2000). A cohort, or longitudinal, study follows a defined group over time.
What type of study is descriptive?
Descriptive studies are
observational studies
which describe the patterns of disease occurrence in relation to variables such as person, place and time. They are often the first step or initial enquiry into a new topic, event, disease or condition.
What are the two main types of analytic studies?
Analytic studies fall into two categories:
experimental and observational
. Experimental studies, which include clinical and community trials, may be used to study the effects of new drugs or vaccines.
What are the 4 types of epidemiological data?
The tests of analytical epidemiology are carried out through four major types of research study designs:
cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and controlled clinical trials
. Cross-sectional studies are used to explore associations of disease with variables of interest.
What are the types of analytical studies?
- Ecological.
- Cross-sectional.
- Cohort.
- Case-Control.
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What are the 5 W’s of descriptive epidemiology?
The difference is that epidemiologists tend to use synonyms for the 5 W’s:
diagnosis or health event (what), person (who), place (where), time (when), and causes, risk factors, and modes of transmission (why/how)
.
What is an example of descriptive epidemiology?
The time variable is concerned with variation in the occurrence of disease in time and its seasonality or periodicity. A hypothetical example of a descriptive epidemiological study is
the investigation of a group of workers in a factory who have what is suspected to be environmentally acquired lupus
.
What are the 3 main elements of descriptive epidemiology?
In descriptive epidemiology, we
organize and summarize data according to time, place, and person
. These three characteristics are sometimes called the epidemiologic variables.
What are the 3 types of observational study?
Three types of observational studies include
cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies
(Figure 1).
What are the four uses of epidemiology?
For
community diagnosis of the presence, nature and distribution of health and disease among the population
, and the dimensions of these in incidence, prevalence, and mortality; taking into account that society is changing and health problems are changing. To study the workings of health services.
What is the epidemiological triangle?
A number of models of disease causation have been proposed. Among the simplest of these is the epidemiologic triad or triangle,
the traditional model for infectious disease
. The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together.
