Such translocations are usually harmless and may be found through prenatal diagnosis. However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations have
increased risks of creating gametes
with unbalanced chromosome translocations, leading to Infertility, miscarriages or children with abnormalities.
How does translocation affect the offspring?
Individuals who carry a balanced translocation are at risk of
having recurrent miscarriages
or indeed a child with congenital abnormalities and/or learning difficulties as the offspring might inherit an unbalanced form of the translocation.
Does translocation affect sperm?
Chromosomal translocations
may cause reductions in testicular volume and testosterone level
, which may impact spermatogenesis, resulting in azoospermia or oligozoospermia and male infertility.
Is reciprocal translocation bad?
Individuals who are carriers of either a balanced reciprocal or Robertsonian translocation
Does translocation cause mutation?
A translocation is a type of abnormal change in the structure of a chromosome that occurs when a part
of one chromosome breaks off and sticks to another chromosome
. These “mutations” are an important cause of many types of lymphomas and leukemias.
What does translocation cause?
Chromosomes are structures that carry genes, our units of heredity. When this type of translocation occurs, it
can cause flaws in chromosomes
. In another type of translocation, two chromosomes trade pieces with each other. Genetic translocations can cause serious disorders, including a type of leukemia.
What is the risk of Down syndrome if mother or father carries Robertsonian translocation?
A parent who is a carrier for a Robertsonian translocation involving chromosome 21 therefore has a
high risk of having a child affected with Down syndrome
, compared with the low recurrence in regular trisomy 21 Down syndrome (which is due to an error in cell division, and has a recurrence risk of about 1 in 100).
Can translocation be fixed?
Treatment.
There is no cure for balanced translocation
, and in most cases, the only adverse effect on health is recurrent miscarriages.
Can you have a healthy baby with balanced translocation?
Natural conception and live birth is possible
in cases of balanced translocation, but those with the condition may have more difficulty conceiving and are at a greater risk of recurrent miscarriage than those without it.
What causes a reciprocal translocation?
Reciprocal translocations occur
due to the exchange of chromosome material between two nonhomologous chromosomes
. When the amount of genetic material is balanced, there is no phenotypic effect on the individual because of a balanced complement of genes.
What is the effect of translocation mutation?
Translocations are more often associated with
negative consequences
such as aneuploidy, infertility, or cancer.
What are the three types of translocation?
1. simple translocations (one break involved) 2. reciprocal translocations (two breaks involved) 3.
shift type translocations
(three breaks involved) 4.
What are the two types of translocation?
There are two main types of translocations:
reciprocal and Robertsonian
. In a reciprocal translocation, two different chromosomes have exchanged segments with each other. In a Robertsonian translocation, an entire chromosome attaches to another at the centromere.
How do you know if translocation is balanced?
Sometimes a section from one chromosome of a particular pair changes places with a section from a chromosome of another pair.
When the two breaks do not pass through a gene and there is no gain or loss of material
when the chromosomes are looked at under a microscope, it is called a balanced translocation.
Can Down syndrome be prevented?
There’s no way to prevent Down syndrome
. If you’re at high risk of having a child with Down syndrome or you already have one child with Down syndrome, you may want to consult a genetic counselor before becoming pregnant.
How common is translocation?
Chromosomal translocations refer to exchange of chromosomal segments between chromosomes. Translocations are the most common type of structural chromosomal abnormalities seen in the general population, having a
frequency of about 1/1000 live births
.
