What is the end product of replication? Two identical DNA strands . Each one is made of one original strand and one new strand. What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?
What is the final product of DNA replication quizlet?
The final product of DNA replication is: two DNA molecules , each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand. The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the: specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule.
What happens at the end of DNA replication?
Once completed, the parent strand and its complementary DNA strand coils into the familiar double helix shape. In the end, replication produces two DNA molecules, each with one strand from the parent molecule and one new strand.
What is replication quizlet?
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical copies of DNA , in which each template for the synthesis of a new complementary daughter strand. ... The points where the DNA first are opened are called replication origins.
Which of the following happens last in replication?
Which of the following happens last in replication? Two new DNA molecules form .
What is the final product of replication?
The result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of one new and one old chain of nucleotides .
What is the end product of transcription?
| Transcription Translation | Template DNA mRNA | End Product RNA Protein |
|---|
What is the end replication problem?
The end-replication problem
The DNA at the very end of the chromosome cannot be fully copied in each round of replication , resulting in a slow, gradual shortening of the chromosome. ... When DNA is being copied, one of the two new strands of DNA at a replication fork is made continuously and is called the leading strand.
How is the end replication problem solved?
Eukaryotes have solved the end-replication problem by locating highly repeated DNA sequence at the end, or telomeres, of each linear chromosome . ... In prokaryotes, the end-replication problem is solved by having circular DNA molecules as chromosomes. Another cause of telomere shortening is oxidative stress.
What are the steps of DNA replication quizlet?
- Step 1: Starts at? DNA Replication begins at the Origin of Replication.
- Step 2: Unwinds. ...
- Step 3: Holds strands. ...
- Step 4: Two types of strands added 3′ to 5′ ...
- Step 5: RNA Primer. ...
- Step 6: Add bases. ...
- Step 7: Fix mistakes, remove RNA Primer. ...
- Step 9: join fragments together.
What enzyme degrades the RNA primer that is synthesized during DNA replication quizlet?
RNAse H , which recognizes RNA-DNA hybrid helices, degrades the RNA by hydrolyzing its phosphodiester bonds.
When and where does replication occur?
Replication occurs in the nucleus during the S phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotes , and replication occurs continuously in prokaryotes.
What happens after a replication fork is formed quizlet?
At a replication fork, the DNA strand that is made discontinuously in short separate fragments that are later joined together to form one continuous strand .
Which of the following happens last in cellular reproduction?
The final event is cytokinesis , in which the cytoplasm divides and the single parent cell splits into two daughter cells. Cellular reproduction is a process by which cells duplicate their contents and then divide to yield multiple cells with similar, if not duplicate, contents.
What occurs in the process of replication?
Replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules . DNA replication is one of the most basic processes that occurs within a cell. ... To accomplish this, each strand of existing DNA acts as a template for replication.
What is the final product of translation?
The amino acid is then released from the tRNA and added to the growing chain of amino acids attached to the ribosome. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, it releases the mRNA strand and amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence is the final result of translation, and is known as a polypeptide .
What is the final product of DNA replication answers com?
DNA replication is the process by which DNA is copied. This process is completed in order to create a new cell. During this process the double strands of the DNA are separated and a new strand are created on the newly exposed templates.
What is the end product of transcription quizlet?
what is the end result of transcription? DNA is converted to a strand of mRNA to be translated in the ribosome .
What is the end product of protein synthesis?
The final product of protein synthesis is proteins . Protein synthesis starts with transcription, which occurs in the nucleus.
What are the end products of replication transcription and translation?
| Location Product(s) | Replication Nucleus 2 identical strands of DNA | Transcription Nucleus mRNA | Translation Cytoplasm Amino acid chain (protein) |
|---|
What is the product of transcription quizlet?
-The products of DNA transcription are strands of RNA . -They are complimentary to the DNA strand.
What is the end replication problem quizlet?
1) When replication gets to the end of the amplicon, the primer doesn’t have a place to lay it`s primers so there`s no where DNA polymerase can synthesize a new strand . ... 2) This only happens in the lagging strand. You just studied 21 terms!
Which strand has end replication problem?
As we all know, with a linear chromosome, on the lagging strand (template 5′->3′) of DNA replication, when the last piece of RNA primer at the 3′ end is removed, the DNA cannot be extended and this creates the end replication problem.
How are the ends of chromosomes replicated?
The ends of the linear chromosomes are known as telomeres: repetitive sequences that code for no particular gene. ... Once the 3′ end of the lagging strand template is sufficiently elongated, DNA polymerase adds the complementary nucleotides to the ends of the chromosomes ; thus, the ends of the chromosomes are replicated.
What is the end replication problem and how does telomerase help solve this problem?
For example, the end replication problem causes a progressive shortening of telomeric DNA at each round of DNA replication , thus telomeres eventually lose their protective capacity. This phenomenon is counteracted by the recruitment and the activation at telomeres of the specialized reverse transcriptase telomerase.
What is the end replication problem why in the absence of telomerase do the ends of linear chromosomes get progressively shorter each time the DNA is replicated?
There are ends at the DNA in eukaryotes, unlike the prokaryotic DNA that become shorter after each replication cycle. This is known as the end replication problem. It occurs because the lagging strands of the DNA do not get synthesized for the end of the DNA after the removal of RNA primers .
What is the last step of transcription?
Termination . Termination is the final step of transcription. Termination results in the release of the newly synthesized mRNA from the elongation complex. In eukaryotes, the termination of transcription involves cleavage of the transcript, followed by a process called polyadenylation.
What is the correct order of the steps of DNA replication?
There are three main steps to DNA replication: initiation, elongation, and termination . In order to fit within a cell’s nucleus, DNA is packed into tightly coiled structures called chromatin, which loosens prior to replication, allowing the cell replication machinery to access the DNA strands.
What happens after replication quizlet?
after replication, each new DNA duplex will consist of one strand that was originally present in the parental duplex and one newly synthesized strand . an enzyme that is a critical component of a large protein complex that carries out DNA replication.
Why can’t the ends of chromosomes be replicated?
The end-replication problem states that small stretches of DNA at the 3′ ends of chromosomes cannot be copied because these stretches are not covered by Okazaki fragments . ... The enzyme telomerase can extend telomeres at chromosome ends using its RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, but is only active in certain cells.
Where does DNA replication begin and end?
The double-stranded DNA of the circular bacteria chromosome is opened at the origin of replication , forming a replication bubble. Each end of the bubble is a replication fork, a Y-shaped junction where double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands.
What is produced after replication occurs quizlet?
The outcome of DNA replication is two DNA nearly identical DNA double helix molecules . Each DNA is made up of one DNA strand from the original DNA and a newly created strand.
What happens after the replication fork is formed?
Helicase separates the DNA to form a replication fork at the origin of replication where DNA replication begins. Replication forks extend bi-directionally as replication continues . Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand, while the leading strand is replicated continuously.
Which enzyme participates in the separation of the DNA strands during DNA replication quizlet?
To begin the process of DNA replication, the two double helix strands are unwound and separated from each other by the helicase enzyme . The point where the DNA is separated into single strands, and where new DNA will be synthesized, is known as the replication fork.
What enzyme removes primers?
Removal of RNA primers and joining of Okazaki fragments. Because of its 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity, DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and fills the gaps between Okazaki fragments with DNA.
What stabilizes the DNA molecule during replication?
The DNA double helix is opened by helicase into individual strands. Topoisomerase relieves the tension further down the double helix. SSBPs stabilize the single DNA strands to prevent them from reconnecting.
What happens at the end of interphase?
At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase , which is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells.
What are the 4 stages of the cell cycle?
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four discrete phases: G 1 , S, G 2 , and M . The S or synthesis phase is when DNA replication occurs, and the M or mitosis phase is when the cell actually divides. The other two phases — G 1 and G 2 , the so-called gap phases — are less dramatic but equally important.
Why does replication occur?
Explanation: DNA replication needs to occur because existing cells divide to produce new cells . Each cell needs a full instruction manual to operate properly. So the DNA needs to be copied before cell division so that each new cell receives a full set of instructions!
What is the end result of mitosis?
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells , whereas meiosis results in four sex cells.
What is the lifecycle of a cell?
A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides . A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.
What happens during G2 phase?
After completing DNA synthesis and progression through the G2 phase, the cell divides in mitosis by segregating the chromosomes into two separate daughter cells . Stages of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase [7].
