What Is The Importance Of Analysis Of Flue Gas?

Flue gas analysis will give you

an indication of whether or not you are achieving maximum possible carbon combustion in your fuel

. You can also analyse your flue gas in order to determine environmental impact and whether you are maintaining compliance with local emissions regulations.

What is the purpose of flue gas analysis?

A flue gas analyzer will

enable you to measure the concentrations of various gases and adjust burners on a boiler to help achieve optimal combustion

. Efficient combustion also reduces emission of pollutants such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter.

What is a flue gas analysis?

Flue Gas Analysis is performed by

inserting a probe into the flue of the furnace, boiler

, etc., between the last heat exchanger and draft diverter or any source of make-up air that could enter the flue that did not pass through the combustion process. This is known as ‘in-situ’ testing.

What is an exhaust gas analysis Why is it done?

An exhaust gas analyser or exhaust carbon monoxide (CO) analyser is

an instrument for the measurement of carbon monoxide among other gases in the exhaust

, caused by an incorrect combustion, the Lambda coefficient measurement is the most common.

What causes high CO readings on boiler?

If the oxygen level is set too low and something changes the combustion process can become ‘fuel rich’ as there is insufficient oxygen for all the fuel to burn

. This can cause high levels of CO to be generated and in the extreme enough fuel to enter the boilers flue and ignite (explode) outside the combustion chamber.

What is the composition of flue gas?

Flue gases are a mixture of combustion products and include

water vapour, carbon dioxide, particulates, heavy metals and acidic gases

.

What is the advantage of using flue gas inside a boiler?

What is the advantage of using flue gas inside a boiler? Explanation: Using flue gas

to heat up the water tubes reduces the greenhouse effect indirectly by making use of its heat to turn the water in water tubes into steam

. This will be used in steam power plant to rotate the turbine and to produce electricity.

What is a 4 gas analyzer?

The Bridge Analyzer 4 gas analyzer

measures Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Fuel Dependent Hydro Carbons (HC), and Oxygen (O2)

. … When the Zero is complete, the analyzer is ready to measure exhaust emissions gas.

Why is it important to test emissions from car exhaust pipes regularly?

When you drive your car, lots of waste emissions come out of the exhaust pipe. Whilst these are a necessary byproduct of running a combustion engine, can be harmful to the environment, contribute

to air pollution

and cause health problems in some people.

What should the CO CO2 ratio be?

The calculations suggest that, to avoid occasional exceedence of the room CO limit, the CO/CO2 ratio should in many cases be

lower than 0.02, and in some cases lower than 0.01

.

What is a safe level of CO?

OSHA Carbon Monoxide Exposure Limits

The OSHA personal exposure limit (PEL) for CO is

50 parts per million (ppm)

. OSHA standards prohibit worker exposure to more than 50 parts of CO gas per million parts of air averaged during an 8-hour time period. The 8-hour PEL for CO in maritime operations is also 50 ppm.

How is flue gas analysis calculated?

Total amount of dry flue gas per 1 kg wood = 4.872 m3. Therefore % CO2 = 0.97/4.872 = 19.91 assuming stoichiometric combustion (0 % O2). For 20 % excess air = 16.6 % CO2 For 40 % excess air = 14.2 % CO2 For 50 % excess air = 13.27.

What should CO2 be on a boiler?

You could have a good efficiency with acceptable CO2 levels and spewing carbon monoxide up the flue. Many burner manufacturers look for a reading of

between 8 1/2% to 10% in the flue

gas. Carbon dioxide, when mixed with water, forms carbonic acid, which could damage the standard efficiency boiler or chimney.

How is flue gas generated?

Flue gas—the emitted material produced

when fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, or wood are burned for heat or power

—may contain pollutants such as particulates, sulfur dioxide, mercury, and carbon dioxide. Most flue gas, however, consists of nitrogen oxides.

What is density of flue gas?

What is the pH value of water permissible for boiler?

Boiler pH. Natural water is usually between 6.5 and 7.5 pH. A common recommendation is to maintain boiler water at

8.5 pH

.

What is the function of condenser in thermal power plant?

In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is

to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water (referred to as steam condensate)

so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water.

What causes white smoke from exhaust?

White smoke from the exhaust: This could be

steam caused by condensation in the exhaust pipe

or a more serious issue caused by an engine coolant leak. Excessive amounts of white smoke could indicate head gasket failure.

What is the function of boiler?

The function of a boiler is

to either produce hot water or steam

. Hot water boilers heat water for the purpose of domestic or commercial heating and hot water supply. Steam boilers generate steam in order to power turbines for power generation and various other industrial heating applications.

Why do I smell exhaust fumes in my nose?

People may experience phantom smells for many reasons. They may be related to the nose, when the condition is known as

peripheral phantosmia

, or to the brain, which is called central phantosmia. Problems with the nose or nasal cavity are the most common causes of smell-related disorders such as phantosmia.

Is breathing exhaust bad?

Breathing exhaust fumes can give you

carbon monoxide poisoning

. In addition to other unpleasant symptoms, this can cause dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, and even loss of consciousness. As you can imagine, having some of these symptoms while driving can be disastrous.

What does LEL mean in gas?

The

Lower Explosive Limit

(LEL) is the lowest concentration of a gas or vapour that will burn in air. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) varies from gas to gas, but for most flammable gases it is less than 5% by volume.

How does a gas monitor work?

It works

by monitoring different gas levels in the air

. These devices are generally battery operated and used for safety. Once they detect a higher than normal concentration of gas in the air, they warn people in the location through a series of really hard to miss audible beeps.

Which instrument is used to monitor O2 CO2 in the flue gas?

Orsat’s gas analyzer

is the instrument that is used to monitor the CO,CO2 and O2, in the flue gas.

What is the advantage of emission gas analyzer test on the environment?

Environmental Benefits

The combustion flue gas analyzer has

a reduced impact on the environment

, compared to many other devices that are poisoning the air we breath. Since these devices increase the efficiency on units (such as boilers), it also minimizes the pollution that enters the atmosphere.

Which gas is tested in emission test?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

testing

Evaluates the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) from automobile engines.

What is ratio on a flue gas Analyser?

Flue gas analysers usually display a

CO/CO2 ratio

. This shows the ratio of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the exit flue (chimney) of the appliance. Generally when this level is below 0.004 the boiler is considered to be running efficiently.

What is a good CO reading?

Low level: 50 PPM and less. Mid level:

Between 51 PPM and 100 PPM

. High level: Greater than 101 PPM if no one is experiencing symptoms. Dangerous level: Greater than 101 PPM if someone is experiencing symptoms.

What should the ratio be on a boiler?

A new or clean domestic boiler will display a ratio of

less than 0.004

, a unit in need of cleaning 0.004 – 0.008 and a unit in need of major overhaul will show greater than 0.008 . This only shows a reading when a combustion test is being carried out.

Which instrument is used for vehicular emission analysis?

Chassis dynamometers

are most commonly used for testing of passenger cars and other light-duty vehicles. In the engine dynamometer, engine is coupled directly to the brake.

What is flue integrity?

VERIFY FLUE INTEGRITY. Analyser readings indicate that

combustion products and inlet air

are mixing. Further investigation of the flue is therefore required. Check that flue components are correctly assembled, fixed and supported as per boiler/flue manufacturer’s instructions.

What is a safe ppm for CO2?

OSHA has established a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO2 of

5,000 parts per million

(ppm) (0.5% CO2 in air) averaged over an 8-hour work day (time-weighted average orTWA.)

What does 4 beeps on a carbon monoxide detector mean?

4 Beeps and a Pause:

EMERGENCY

. This means that carbon monoxide has been detected in the area, you should move to fresh air and call 9-1-1. 1 Beep Every Minute: Low Battery. It is time to replace the batteries in your carbon monoxide alarm. 5 Beeps Every Minute: End of Life.

Is CO lighter than air?

Because

carbon monoxide is slightly lighter than air

and also because it may be found with warm, rising air, detectors should be placed on a wall about 5 feet above the floor. The detector may be placed on the ceiling.

What is CP of flue gas?

Cp, flue gas represents the

average flue gas specific heat value

. Cp,C is the specific heat of CO2. where, acp can be defined as the specific heat ratio of CO2 to CO2.