There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing: involuntary (reflexive) and voluntary. … The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called
operant conditioning
, which is both different from and similar to classical conditioning.
What is voluntary learning based on consequences?
Operant – “Any active behavior that operates upon the environment to generate consequences” (1953). Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or
unfavorable consequences Reinforcements and Punishments
(Instrumental Conditioning).
What is the term that applies to learning by voluntary behavior?
There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing: involuntary (reflexive) and voluntary. … The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called
operant conditioning
, which is both different from and similar to classical conditioning.
In what form of learning is voluntary behavior said to be influenced by its consequences?
In which form of learning is behavior said to be influenced by its consequences?
operant behaviors
. You just studied 84 terms!
What is learning from the consequences of behavior called?
Operant conditioning
is a form of learning in which the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. An animal or a human receives a consequence after performing a specific behavior. The consequence is either a reinforcer or a punisher.
Why is metacognition so important for learning and memory?
Why is metacognition so important for learning and memory?
People who have good metacognition are able to adjust their learning strategies when they are not effective
. … learning without the intention to learn, which is better than intentional learning.
What is an example of negative punishment?
Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens
are all examples of negative punishment. In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individual’s undesirable behavior.
What kinds of reinforcements seem to be the most successful?
3
Positive reinforcement
is most effective when it occurs immediately after the behavior. Reinforcement should be presented enthusiastically and should occur frequently. Deliver reinforcement quickly: A shorter time between a behavior and positive reinforcement makes a stronger connection between the two.
What is potential problem with bribery?
Bribery would be stating, “I will give you ice cream RIGHT NOW if you finish your homework!” Now, a potential issue with bribery is that
there is no guarantee that the homework will actually be completed ANNNNND
you may be reinforcing some challenging behaviors in the process.
What are the three types of conditioning?
There are three main types of learning:
classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning
. Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of associative learning, in which associations are made between events that occur together.
Which behavior is a learned behavior?
Learned behaviors are
modified by previous experiences
; examples of simple learned behaviors include habituation and imprinting.
Which are the three general types of learned behaviors?
The three basic types of learning styles are
visual, auditory, and kinesthetic
.
Which of the following is the best example of conditioned reinforcer?
Perhaps the most famous example of conditioned reinforcement is
Ivan Pavlov’s experiments with dogs
. Pavlov paired food, a primary reinforcer that causes dogs to salivate, with a bell. Whenever Pavlov would present the dogs with food, he would sound the bell.
What is an example of respondent behavior?
Respondent behavior is a behavioral process (or behavior) that happens in response to some stimuli, and is essential to an organism’s survival. This behavior is characterized by involuntary action. … Other examples of human respondent behaviors are
sexual arousal and sweating while running
.
How does punishment affect behavior?
In contrast,
punishment always decreases a behavior
. In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. … In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. For example, when a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite toy.
How do consequences affect behavior?
The consequence, or what happens right after your child’s behaviors,
makes the behavior more or less likely to happen again
. Consequences can be both positive and negative.
