Stimulus-substitution theory is a theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the CS acts as a substitute for the US. The major weakness of this theory is that the sometimes the CR and UR differ substantially . For example a rat that receives a foot shock (US) will probably jump (UR).
In what major way does stimulus substitution fail as a theory of classical conditioning?
In what major way does stimulus-substitution fail as a theory of classical conditioning? Stimulus substitution does not occur in all cases such as ; CR’s resulting in aversive conditioning. How does Rescorla-Wagner theory account for blocking?
What are some problems with the stimulus substitution theory?
A critical problem with the stimulus-substitution theory is that there is evidence that the CR and UR are not always the same . As a rule, the conditioned response is weaker than the UR. An even more serious difficulty is the finding that the CR is sometimes the opposite of the UR.
What is stimulus substitution theory?
a way of characterizing the outcome of classical conditioning when the conditioned stimulus is said to have taken on the functions of the unconditioned stimulus.
What is the general assumption of the preparatory-response theory of classical conditioning?
Preparatory-Response Theory: theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US which allows for situations in which the CR and the UR are different .
What is stimulus stimulus learning?
A learning process by which a subject comes to respond in a specific way to a previously neutral stimulus after the subject repeatedly encounters the neutral stimulus together with another stimulus that already elicits the response.
Who first Theorised classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is learning through association and was discovered by Pavlov , a Russian physiologist. In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.
Why is Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory called stimulus-substitution theory?
According to Pavlov, conditioning does not involve the acquisition of any new behavior, but rather the tendency to respond in old ways to new stimuli. Thus, he theorized that the CS merely substitutes for the US in evoking the reflex response . This explanation is called the stimulus-substitution theory of conditioning.
Who gave the stimulus-substitution theory?
Pavlov (1927, 1928) is studied in relation to the theory of stimulus-substitution, which is also attributed to him. In the so-called theory of stimulus-substitution a distinction must be made between an empirical principle of substitution and an actual theory of substitution, which can adopt different forms.
What is the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
What is an example of stimulus substitution?
Stimulus substitution theory is a part of the spectrum of techniques that are identified under the umbrella of classical conditioning. For instance, you have conditioned a rat to respond to a whistle as a signal that it is about to be fed . ... Then you add a flashing light to the whistle as a signal.
Is respondent conditioning stimulus substitution?
a form of learning, as in Pavlov experiments, in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when presented together with an unconditioned stimulus. Also called stimulus substitution because the new stimulus evokes the response in question. See also: respondent conditioning.
How do you increase your stimulus control?
Stimulus control can be created through differential reinforcement . It is commonly used with children with autism during discrete trial lessons. Stimulus control can be used in a classroom environment to increase the on-task behavior of the students.
Which type of conditioning procedure is usually the most effective?
Classical conditioning principally involves learning reflexive and emotional reactions, such as likes and dislikes, attitudes towards the handler, work, and training. Forward conditioning , in which the CS precedes the US by a second or less, is the most effective procedure for classical conditioning.
What was the conditioned stimulus UCS in the case of Little Albert?
In the Little Albert Experiment the white rat was the conditioned stimulus. Behavior which is similar (but not necessarily the same) to the UCR, which is triggered by the CS after classical conditioning.
Who among the following behaviorists proposed the stimulus substitution theory of classical conditioning quizlet?
Pavlov (1927) viewed classical conditioning as largely a matter of replacing one stimulus with another. Thus, according to Pavlov’s stimulus-substitution theory, the CS acts as a substitute for the US.
