The new musical genre of florid organum emerged from the Notre Dame School. In florid organum singers decorate Gregorian chant melodies with figuration above them in an effort to take church music into higher realms of spiritual experience. Most of the names of the creators of Notre Dame polyphony are unknown today.
What is the most significant musical contribution made by the school of Notre Dame?
The Notre Dame School, important to the history of music because it produced the earliest repertory of polyphonic (multipart) music to gain international prestige and circulation .
What were the innovations of the Notre Dame composers?
What was the significance of the rhythmic innovations developed by Notre Dame composers in the late 1100s? Measured rhythm had a clearly defined meter . Rhythm in music began using definite time values. Written notation could now indicate rhythm precisely.
What was the style of polyphony called that Léonin composed?
The style of polyphony that Leonin composed was called organum . Organum was created by adding a second voice or second melody to the Gregorian chant.
Who are the two prominent composers of Notre Dame polyphony?
Today, we know the names of only two composers from the Notre Dame school: Léonin and Pérotin , both born in France in the mid 1100s. These names were revealed by the writings of an English medieval musical theorist now known only as Anonymous IV.
What was the main contribution of the school of Notre Dame?
The Notre-Dame school is important to the history of music because it produced the earliest repertory of polyphonic (multipart) music to gain international prestige and circulation.
What is the most prestigious arts conservatory in America?
1. Juilliard School . Founded in 1905, the Juilliard School can easily be considered the most prestigious music conservatory in the country—and for good reason.
Why is Gregorian chant seldom heard today?
Why is Gregorian chant seldom heard today? (1) It is very difficult to sing, and those who know it are dying out . (2) the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65 decreed the us of the vernacular in church services. (3) It is too old-fashioned for modern services.
What is not a part of the mass ordinary?
(2) A musical work setting the texts of the ORDINARY of the Mass, typically KYRIE, GLORIA, CREDO, SANCTUS, and AGNUS DEI. In this book, as in common usage, the church service is capitalized (the Mass), but a musical setting of the Mass Ordinary is not (a mass).
What style of music came from the Notre Dame school?
The new musical genre of florid organum emerged from the Notre Dame School. In florid organum singers decorate Gregorian chant melodies with figuration above them in an effort to take church music into higher realms of spiritual experience. Most of the names of the creators of Notre Dame polyphony are unknown today.
How many voices do you hear in Viderunt Omnes?
“Viderunt omnes” is written in a style called “organum quadruplum.”We’ll get to the “organum” part later, but “quadruplum,” refers to the fact that the work has four voices , which is important because this is historians’ first documented example of a work in four voices.
What does polyphony mean in English?
: a style of musical composition employing two or more simultaneous but relatively independent melodic lines : counterpoint.
What era is leonin from?
Léonin, Latin Leoninus, (flourished 12th century ), leading liturgical composer of his generation, associated with the Notre Dame, or Parisian, school of composition.
What is Parisian polyphony?
The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250 , along with the music they produced. The only composers whose names have come down to us from this time are Léonin and Pérotin.
What is substitute Clausula?
Quick Reference. A passage of (usually) discant preserved separately from its parent organum , in which it could be substituted. Several 13th-century MSS contain separate fascicles of clausulae, with up to twenty different clausula settings of the same tenor fragment.
What are 2 facts about Léonin and Perotin?
In fact, Leonin and Perotin were so good at writing organum that they wrote the first complete annual cycle of chants for the mass in two parts . ... It is said that other composers of the Notre Dame school also contributed, but Leonin and Perotin are the only ones credited by name.
