Reinforcement. A process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of response that it follows.
punishment
. A stimulus or an event weakens or reduces the probability of response that it follows.
What decreases the probability or frequency of a behavior?
| A B | Punishment A consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. | Positive Punishment The presentation of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior. |
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What is the process by which a stimulus decreases the probability of the behavior that it follows known as?
Punishment
is a process by which a consequence immediately follows a behavior which decreases the future frequency of that behavior. Like reinforcement, a stimulus can be added (positive punishment) or removed (negative punishment).
Is the process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding Behaviour will be repeated?
reinforcement
. Reinforcement is used to bring about a desired response.
What do you call a stimulus that is presented after a response that increases the probability of that response being repeated in the future?
Reinforcer
. A behavior (operant response) is sometimes more likely to occur in the future as a result of the consequences that follow that behavior. Events that increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future are called reinforcers.
What is a stimulus in behavior?
Stimuli are
events in the environment that influence behavior
. A single stimulus can serve many different functions. Listed below are several functions that a stimulus can serve. … An observing response is sometimes necessary for presentation of the discriminative stimulus/stimuli.
Which is the best example of positive punishment?
Positive punishment can simply be a natural consequence of a certain action. For example, if your
child eats whipped cream that has spoiled because they hid it under their bed
, they’ll get a stomachache. If they touch a hot stove, they’ll burn their hand. These experiences are unpleasant at best.
What is an example of negative punishment?
Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens
are all examples of negative punishment. In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individual’s undesirable behavior.
What increases the frequency of a behavior preceding it?
Its basic principle is that
reinforcement
increases the frequency of the behavior preceding it; punishment decreases the frequency of the behavior preceding it.
Does punishment change behavior?
Remember that reinforcement, even when it is negative, always increases a behavior. In contrast,
punishment always decreases a behavior
. In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. … In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.
What are reinforcers that satisfy a biological need?
Primary reinforcers
are natural; they are not learned. They usually satisfy basic biological needs, such as food, air, water, and shelter. … Since money can be used to satisfy the basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter, it is known as a secondary reinforcer.
What do we call a stimulus that naturally brings about a response?
| Term Learning Definition A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. | Term Classical Conditioning Definition A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. |
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Why does considering reinforcers as nothing but rewards oversimplify things?
Why does considering reinforcers as nothing but rewards oversimplify things? Reinforcers can be positive or negative, rewards are only positive.
Reduce the frequency of a behavior
.
What type of stimulus elicits a response without prior experience?
The first stimulus
was one that evoked the response to be tested, without prior experience. These types of stimulus-response pairs are known as innate reflexes, and the stimulus is named an unconditioned stimulus (US) and its response an unconditioned response (UCR).
What are aversive stimuli?
An aversive stimulus is
an unpleasant event that is intended to decrease the probability of a behavior when it is presented as a consequence
(i.e., punishment).
What kinds of reinforcements seem to be the most successful?
3
Positive reinforcement
is most effective when it occurs immediately after the behavior. Reinforcement should be presented enthusiastically and should occur frequently. Deliver reinforcement quickly: A shorter time between a behavior and positive reinforcement makes a stronger connection between the two.
