Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
the condition in which both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation unless specific disturbances occur
.
Which of the following are conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium quizlet?
They are said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: –
Very large population: No genetic drift can occur
. -No immigration or immigration: No gene flow can occur. -No mutations: No new alleles can be added to the gene pool.
What is the purpose of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is
used to estimate the number of homozygous and heterozygous variant carriers based on its allele frequency in populations that are not evolving
.
How do you know if something is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
To know if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium scientists
have to observe at least two generations
. If the allele frequencies are the same for both generations then the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Are humans in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
12.3.
When a population meets all the Hardy-Weinberg conditions, it is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).
Human populations do not meet all
the conditions of HWE exactly, and their allele frequencies will change from one generation to the next, so the population evolves.
What are the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions:
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection
.
What are the five conditions for the HW equilibrium?
The conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection
. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disrupted by deviations from any of its five main underlying conditions.
Which of the following would cause a disruption in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium quizlet?
The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts that five conditions can disturb genetic equilibrium and cause evolution to occur: (1)
nonrandom mating
; (2) small population size; and (3) immigration or emigration; (4) mutations; or (5) natural selection.
How do you use Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg equation used to determine genotype frequencies is:
p
2
+ 2pq + q
2
= 1
. Where ‘p
2
‘ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), ‘2pq’ the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa) and ‘q
2
‘ the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
How do you solve Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- Step 1: Assign the Alleles. • By convention, we use the dominant phenotype to name the alleles. …
- Step 2: Calculate q. The number of homozygous recessive individuals is q. …
- Step 3: Calculate p. Once you have q, finding p is easy!
- Step 4: Use p and q to calculate the remaining genotypes. I always suggest that you calculate q.
What does it mean for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium quizlet?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
the condition in which both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation unless specific disturbances occur
. -A population in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium is not changing genetically, not evolving.
What happens if the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is violated?
When this assumption is violated and by chance some individuals contribute more alleles than others to the next generation,
allele frequencies may change
. This mechanism of allele change is called genetic drift.
Why is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium considered a null hypothesis?
The Chi-Square test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes the “null hypothesis” – that is, the
observed genotype frequencies are not significantly different from those predicted for a population in equilibrium
. … This means that one may expect a Chi-Square of this value to occur by chance in 5% of genotype comparisons.
What affects the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium the most?
-The factors that affect the genetic equilibrium and induce the variability in the population are as follows:
mutations
, recombinations during sexual reproduction, genetic drift, gene migration or gene flow, and natural selection.
Which does not affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg Law states: In a large, random-mating population that is not affected by the
evolutionary processes of mutation
, migration, or selection, both the allele frequencies and the genotype frequencies are constant from generation to generation.
What are the two equations for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Knowing p and q, it is a simple matter to plug these values into the Hardy-Weinberg equation
(p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1)
. This then provides the predicted frequencies of all three genotypes for the selected trait within the population.
