The social cognitive perspective of personality emphasizes
the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes
.
What is the cognitive theory of personality?
Cognitive theory assumes there are
certain inherited dispositions
such as temperament (nature), which interact with children's environments (nurture), to influence the ultimate shape of their personality, and their characteristic interpersonal strategies.
The key concepts of SCT can be grouped into five major categories: (1)
psychological determinants of behavior (outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and collective efficacy)
, (2) observational learning, (3) environmental determinants of behavior (incentive motivation, facilitation), (4) self-regulation, and (5) moral …
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) describes
the influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviors
. … Behavioral capability: Understanding and having the skill to perform a behavior. Expectations: Determining the outcomes of behavior change.
People can learn both positive and negative behaviors from observing the actions of people in their environment, or models. For example, being
polite and courteous is often learned through models
, as is behaving in an aggressive and violent way in gang-infested neighborhoods.
Within evolutionary biology, social cognition includes processes such as
learning and memory in a social context
, with respect, for example, to territoriality in animals, dominance and subordination within the social structure and the complexities of living in a group leading to social pressures and stress.
Cognitive social learning theory takes into account
the mutual influences of the individual, the physical and psychosocial environment and the task or behavior to be learned
. All these factors are important in learning.
What are the 3 main cognitive theories?
The three cognitive theories are
Piaget's developmental theory, Lev Vygotsky's social cultural cognitive theory, and the information process theory
.
What is the 4 personality types?
A study published in Nature Human Behaviour reveals that there are four personality types —
average, reserved, role-model and self-centered
— and these findings might change the thinking about personality in general.
SCT identifies three main factors that influence behavior and behavioral choices:
(1) the environment (e.g., neighborhood, proximity to gym)
, (2) individual personality characteristics and/or experience (including cognitions), and (3) behavioral factors.
Social Cognitive Theory suggests that
self-efficacy, or belief in one's ability to accomplish a specific task
, is the pathway through which most behavior change occurs (Bandura, 2004).
The four steps in the Social Learning Theory of Bandura are
attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation
.
Bandura's social learning theory stresses the importance of observational learning, imitation and modeling. His theory integrates a
continuous interaction between behaviors, personal factors
– including cognition – and the environment referred to as reciprocal causation model.
There are, however, two importantly different types of unconscious social cognition:
(i) unconsciousness of the influences on judgment and behavior
and (ii) unconsciousness of the mental states (i.e., attitudes and feelings) that give rise to such judgments and behaviors.
Normative social influence is usually associated with compliance, where a person changes their public behaviour but not their private beliefs. For example, a
person may feel pressurised to smoke because
the rest of their friends are. … This means any change of behavior is temporary.
Social cognition refers to our thoughts about and interpretations of ourselves and other people. Over time, we develop schemas and attitudes to help us better understand and more successfully interact with others. Affect refers to the feelings that we experience as part of life and includes both moods and emotions.
