Term. Florid organum . Definition. Twelfth-century style of two-voice POLYPHONY in which the lower voice sustains relatively long NOTES while the upper voice sings note-groups of varying length above each note of the lower voice. Term.
What was an early style of polyphony?
The piece is technically known as an “organum” , an early type of polyphonic music based on plainsong, in which an accompaniment was sung above or below the melody.
Why did composers of early polyphony use chant as the basis for their works?
The music helped the prayers reach G-d. Early chants were monophonic. Polyphony came in to play as composers (monks) became bored and more creative but the thought was that they had to incorporate the original chant into the polyphonic one because it was now considered sacred .
What led to polyphonic music?
Polyphony rose out of melismatic organum, the earliest harmonization of the chant. Chanting in a religious context , led to the birth of polyphonic music.
Which composer is considered the founder of early polyphony?
It was in 1364, during the pontificate of Pope Urban V, that composer and priest Guillaume de Machaut composed the first polyphonic setting of the mass called La Messe de Notre Dame.
Is organum a polyphony?
Organum, plural Organa, originally, any musical instrument (later in particular an organ); the term attained its lasting sense, however, during the Middle Ages in reference to a polyphonic (many-voiced) setting , in certain specific styles, of Gregorian chant.
Which is the opposite of polyphony?
| discordance cacophony | raucousness discord | disproportion disunion | friction imbalance | incoherence infighting |
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Is the Hallelujah Chorus homophonic?
The most famous piece in this oratorio, the Hallelujah chorus is an example of an anthem chorus. It combines both homophonic and polyphonic textures .
What is Discant Clausula?
The clausula (Latin for “little close” or “little conclusion”; plural clausulae) was a newly composed section of discant (“ note against note “) inserted into a pre-existing setting of organum. ... They occur as melismatic figures based on a single word or syllable within an organum.
What does rubato mean?
Rubato, (from Italian rubare, “to rob” ), in music, subtle rhythmic manipulation and nuance in performance. For greater musical expression, the performer may stretch certain beats, measures, or phrases and compact others.
What was the most important form of early polyphonic music?
While the original Gregorian chant melody was sung with the original Gregorian chant text or words, new words would be written for the other two or three voices. The addition of these new texts resulted in what was called the motet . It was the most important form of early polyphonic music.
What is an example of polyphonic music?
Examples of Polyphony
Rounds, canons, and fugues are all polyphonic. (Even if there is only one melody, if different people are singing or playing it at different times, the parts sound independent.) Much late Baroque music is contrapuntal, particularly the works of J.S. Bach.
What is the difference between plainchant and polyphony?
Plainchant and Monophonic Sacred Music
It indicates a single sacred melody, without accompaniment, sung by a single person or by a choir in which each member sings the same part. ... Another word to describe plainchant is monophony, which – as opposed to polyphony – means a single sound, whether sacred or not.
What is the origin of polyphony?
Historical context
European polyphony rose out of melismatic organum , the earliest harmonization of the chant. Twelfth-century composers, such as Léonin and Pérotin developed the organum that was introduced centuries earlier, and also added a third and fourth voice to the now homophonic chant.
What does polyphony mean in English?
: a style of musical composition employing two or more simultaneous but relatively independent melodic lines : counterpoint.
What era is Léonin from?
Léonin, Latin Leoninus, (flourished 12th century ), leading liturgical composer of his generation, associated with the Notre Dame, or Parisian, school of composition.
